Changes

See [[Clogging]] for notes on their application in LID structures.  

See [[Clogging]] for notes on their application in LID structures.  

Geotextiles can be used to prevent downward migration of smaller particles in to larger aggregates, and slump of heavier particles into finer underlying courses.

Geotextiles can be used to prevent downward migration of smaller particles in to larger aggregates, and slump of heavier particles into finer underlying courses. Geotextiles are commonly used on low strength soils (CBR<4).  

The formation of biofilm on geotextiles has also been shown to improve water quality:

The formation of biofilm on geotextiles has also been shown to improve water quality:

*By degrading petroleum hydrocarbons<ref>Newman AP, Coupe SJ, Spicer GE, Lynch D, Robinson K. MAINTENANCE OF OIL-DEGRADING PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS: MICROBES, NUTRIENTS AND LONG-TERM WATER QUALITY PROVISION. https://www.icpi.org/sites/default/files/techpapers/1309.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017.</ref>

*By degrading petroleum hydrocarbons<ref>Newman AP, Coupe SJ, Spicer GE, Lynch D, Robinson K. MAINTENANCE OF OIL-DEGRADING PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS: MICROBES, NUTRIENTS AND LONG-TERM WATER QUALITY PROVISION. https://www.icpi.org/sites/default/files/techpapers/1309.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017.</ref>

*When installing geotextiles an overlap of 150 - 300 mm should be used.

*When installing geotextiles an overlap of 150 - 300 mm should be used.

Material specifications should conform to OPSS 1860 for Class II geotextile fabrics

Material specifications should conform to OPSS 1860 for Class II geotextile fabrics

<ref>ONTARIO PROVINCIAL STANDARD SPECIFICATION METRIC OPSS 1860 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR GEOTEXTILES. 2012. http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/OPS.nsf/0/2ccb9847eb6c56738525808200628de1/$FILE/OPSS%201860%20Apr12.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017</ref>.

<ref>ONTARIO PROVINCIAL STANDARD SPECIFICATION METRIC OPSS 1860 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR GEOTEXTILES. 2012. http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/OPS.nsf/0/2ccb9847eb6c56738525808200628de1/$FILE/OPSS%201860%20Apr12.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017</ref>. Note when expansive clays are present, a non-infiltrating design may be necessary.  If used, geotextile socks around perforated pipes should conform to ASTM D6707 with minimum water flow rate conforming to ASTM D4491 (12,263 L/min/m2 at 5 cm head). 

*Fabrics should be woven monofilament or non-woven needle punched.  

*Fabrics should be woven monofilament or non-woven needle punched.  

*Woven slit film and non-woven heat bonded fabrics should not be used, as they are prone to clogging.

*Woven slit film and non-woven heat bonded fabrics should not be used, as they are prone to clogging.