Difference between revisions of "Screening LID options"

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[[File:Screeningprocessdiagram.png|thumb|500 px|Process Diagram for Screening LID Options]]
== Process for selecting an individual or suite of LID Options ==
== Process for selecting an individual or suite of LID Options ==
[[File:Screeningprocessdiagram.png|thumb|Process Diagram for Screening LID Options]]


The guidance found on this page is not intended be prohibitive of LID options, but rather to help reduce the number of LID options in the preliminary phases of design and alert the designer to LID opportunities unique to the site being assessed. When going through the process of screening LID options, it is important to have a larger contextual understanding of [[Integrated water management]], [[Site design strategies]], [[Siting and layout of development]], and [[Link title]].
This guidance article intends to help reduce the number of LID options in the preliminary phases of design and to alert the designer to LID opportunities unique to the site-type being assessed. When going through the process of screening LID options, it is important to have a larger contextual understanding of [[Integrated water management]], [[Site design strategies]], and [[Siting and layout of development]].


== Site Conditions ==
== Site Conditions ==


Complete definition of pre-development site conditions is essential prior to screening of potential stormwater BMPs. The designer should prepare maps describing site conditions to ensure that all environmental features and functions that need consideration in accordance with provincial, municipal and conservation authority development regulations are identified. This includes watercourses and small drainage features, floodplains, important recharge areas, steep slopes, wetlands, natural heritage conservation areas and significant wildlife habitats. In addition, information regarding native soil types, infiltration capacity and depth to water table must be determined.
Complete definition of pre-development site conditions is essential prior to screening of potential stormwater BMPs. The designer should prepare maps describing site conditions and identifying all environmental features and functions that need consideration in accordance with provincial, municipal and conservation authority development regulations. This includes watercourses and small drainage features, floodplains, important recharge areas, steep slopes, wetlands, natural heritage conservation areas and significant wildlife habitats. In addition, information regarding native soil types, infiltration capacity and depth to water table must be determined.


In retrofit scenarios, site conditions will vary and can be explicit with land use type such as road right of ways, parks, residential, industrial, commercial and/or institutional should be noted.
In retrofit scenarios, site conditions will vary and maps can be explicit with land-use type. Road right of ways, parks, residential, industrial, commercial and/or institutional should be noted.


For additional information on site conditions to note for:
For additional information on site conditions to note for:
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== Define design criteria ==
== Define design criteria ==
Criteria should have requirements to:
Design criteria should be required to:


* Preserve groundwater and baseflow characteristics;
* Preserve groundwater and baseflow characteristics
* Prevent undesirable and costly geomorphic changes in the watercourse;
* Prevent undesirable and costly geomorphic changes in the watercourse
* Prevent any increases in flood risk potential;
* Prevent any increases in flood risk potential
* Protect water quality; and ultimately,
* Protect water quality
* Maintain an appropriate diversity of aquatic life and opportunities for human uses
* Maintain an appropriate diversity of aquatic life and opportunities for human uses


The design criteria required to protect, enhance or restore the environmental resources can be grouped under the following five categories.
The design criteria required to protect, enhance or restore the environmental resources can be grouped under the following five categories:


* Flood protection;
*[[Flood control]]
* Water quality;
*[[Water quality]]
* Erosion control;
*Erosion control
* Groundwater recharge; and
*[[Groundwater|Groundwater recharge]]
* Natural heritage systems or [[green infrastructure]]
*Natural heritage systems or other types of green infrastructure


== Screen potential LID options ==
== Screen potential LID options ==
===Site constraints===
===Site constraints===


A number of factors need to be considered when screening the suitability of a given location within a development site for application of stormwater BMPs. [[LID site criteria and constraints]] summarizes site constraints associated with some general types of structural LID practices for stormwater management that should be considered. Further information regarding constraints to the design of various end-of-pipe BMPs can be found in the Ontario Ministry of the Environment Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual (2003). The use of LID BMPs should be considered first to meet the design criteria before the use of end-of-pipe BMPs.  
When attempting to apply stormwater BMPs within a development site, give careful consideration to site conditions and constraints. See this [[LID Site Criteria and Constraints|handy table]] for and outline of the factors constraining the use of each LID BMP. Further information regarding constraints to the design of various end-of-pipe BMPs can be found in the Ontario Ministry of the Environment Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual (2003). Before resorting to end-of-pipe BMPs, evaluate whether LID BMPs can meet the design criteria.


===LID opportunities and land use types===
===LID opportunities and land use types===
If working in a retrofit scenarios, land use type in particular will have various constraints to work with. Road ROWs, residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, and park lands all have unique site constraints and corresponding LID opportunities. To help understand these unique land type constraint and potential LID options, see
When working in retrofit scenarios, note that each particular land-use type - road ROWs, residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, and park lands - all provide unique opportunities and challenges:


*[[LID opportunities and road types]]
*[[LID opportunities in road-right-of-ways]]


*[[LID opportunities in residential types]]
*[[LID opportunities in residential types]]  


*[[LID Opportunities in Industrial & Commercial Types]]
*[[LID opportunities in industrial, commercial and multi-residential types]]


*[[LID opportunities in park lands]]
*[[LID opportunities in public lands]]


===Performance requirements===
===Performance requirements===
 
Resources for evaluating LID practices within Ontario can be found at [http://www.sustainabletechnologies.ca/wp/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/ Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program (STEP)] and [http://www.creditvalleyca.ca/low-impact-development/lid-maintenance-monitoring/lid-monitoring-sites/ Credit Valley Conservation's LID Monitoring program]. For a global perspective on LID performance across various geographical regions, check out the [http://www.bmpdatabase.org/index.htm International Stormwater BMP Database]. Performance data can be downloaded or uploaded and statistical analysis tools are provided.
Performance of LID within Ontario can be found at [http://www.sustainabletechnologies.ca/wp/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/ Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program (STEP)] and [http://www.creditvalleyca.ca/low-impact-development/lid-maintenance-monitoring/lid-monitoring-sites/ Credit Valley Conservation's LID Monitoring program]. To garner a global perspective of LID performance across various geographical regions, check out the [http://www.bmpdatabase.org/index.htm International Stormwater BMP Database], performance data can be downloaded or uploaded and statistical analysis tools are provided.


=== Operations and maintenance requirements ===
=== Operations and maintenance requirements ===
[http://www.sustainabletechnologies.ca/wp/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/low-impact-development-stormwater-practice-inspection-and-maintenance-guide/ LID Inspection and Maintenance Guide] is intended to assist municipalities and industrial/commercial/institutional (ICI) property managers with developing their capacity to integrate LID BMPs into their stormwater infrastructure programs. Part 1 of the document provides guidance on designing an effective LID BMP inspection and maintenance program, based on experiences and advice from leading jurisdictions in the United States, adapted to an Ontario context. Part 2 of the document establishes standard cold climate protocols for inspection, testing and maintenance of seven types of structural LID BMPs.
The [http://www.sustainabletechnologies.ca/wp/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/low-impact-development-stormwater-practice-inspection-and-maintenance-guide/ LID Inspection and Maintenance Guide] is intended to assist municipalities and industrial/commercial/institutional (ICI) property managers with developing their capacity to integrate LID BMPs into their stormwater infrastructure programs. Part 1 of the document provides guidance on designing an effective LID BMP inspection and maintenance program, based on experiences and advice from leading jurisdictions in the United States, adapted to an Ontario context. Part 2 of the document establishes standard cold climate protocols for inspection, testing and maintenance of seven types of structural LID BMPs.


=== Life cycle costing===
=== Life cycle costing===
See [[Cost analysis resources]]
===Assessing effectiveness===
{{:LIDTTT}}


The capital and life cycle costs of seven Low Impact Development (LID) practices and seventeen design scenarios were evaluated based on a detailed assessment of input costs, maintenance requirements, rehabilitation costs and practice designs relevant to Canadian climates.[http://www.sustainabletechnologies.ca/wp/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/low-impact-development-life-cycle-costs/ The LID Life Cycle Costing Tool]
After selecting a suite of BMPs and running the models, make a comparison between the modelling results results and the environmental design criteria. Employ an iterative approach, which involves adjusting the size or adding/deleting BMPs until the environmental design criteria are met. The LIDTTT can help with adjusting the size of the features to meet design criteria. Once met, the project can proceed to the detailed design stage.
 
----
==Selection of suite of LIDs==
[[File:LIDTTT.png|thumb|LID Treatment Train Tool]]
In order to assess if the selected suite of BMPs effectively meet the design criteria either computer models or simple spreadsheet models should be used. Model selection will be based on the size and type of development. A wide range of simple to complex computer models such as Visual OTTHYMO, SWMM, SWMMHYNO, HSP-F andQUALHYMO are available.
 
Recently, the Low Impact Development Treatment Train Tool (LID TTT) has been developed by Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority (LSRCA), Credit Valley Conservation (CVC) and Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) as a tool to help developers, consultants, municipalities and landowners understand and implement more sustainable stormwater management planning and design practices in their watersheds. The purpose of the tool is to analyze annual and event based runoff volumes and pollutant load removal by the use of Best Management Practices (BMP)’s and Low Impact Development (LID) techniques.
 
The LID TTT provides preliminary water budget analysis (i.e. surface ET, surface runoff, infiltration to soil) and pollutant load removal estimates for pre- and post-development scenarios. The tool is built upon the open source EPA SWMM5 model providing a user-friendly interface for novice modelers and cross-compatibility with SWMM5 for further model development. To download the beta version, please check out the [http://www.sustainabletechnologies.ca/wp/low-impact-development-treatment-train-tool/ LID Treatment Train Tool]
 
==Assess effectiveness==
 
Once the suite of best management practices have been selected and the models have been run, a comparison of the results and the environmental design criteria can be made. An iterative approach, which involves adjusting the size or adding/deleting BMPs should be used until the environmental design criteria are met. The [http://www.sustainabletechnologies.ca/wp/low-impact-development-treatment-train-tool/ LID Treatment Train Tool] can help with adjusting the size of the features to see if criteria are met. Once met, the project can then proceed to the detailed design stage.

Latest revision as of 17:17, 19 November 2019

Process Diagram for Screening LID Options

Process for selecting an individual or suite of LID Options[edit]

This guidance article intends to help reduce the number of LID options in the preliminary phases of design and to alert the designer to LID opportunities unique to the site-type being assessed. When going through the process of screening LID options, it is important to have a larger contextual understanding of Integrated water management, Site design strategies, and Siting and layout of development.

Site Conditions[edit]

Complete definition of pre-development site conditions is essential prior to screening of potential stormwater BMPs. The designer should prepare maps describing site conditions and identifying all environmental features and functions that need consideration in accordance with provincial, municipal and conservation authority development regulations. This includes watercourses and small drainage features, floodplains, important recharge areas, steep slopes, wetlands, natural heritage conservation areas and significant wildlife habitats. In addition, information regarding native soil types, infiltration capacity and depth to water table must be determined.

In retrofit scenarios, site conditions will vary and maps can be explicit with land-use type. Road right of ways, parks, residential, industrial, commercial and/or institutional should be noted.

For additional information on site conditions to note for:

Define design criteria[edit]

Design criteria should be required to:

  • Preserve groundwater and baseflow characteristics
  • Prevent undesirable and costly geomorphic changes in the watercourse
  • Prevent any increases in flood risk potential
  • Protect water quality
  • Maintain an appropriate diversity of aquatic life and opportunities for human uses

The design criteria required to protect, enhance or restore the environmental resources can be grouped under the following five categories:

Screen potential LID options[edit]

Site constraints[edit]

When attempting to apply stormwater BMPs within a development site, give careful consideration to site conditions and constraints. See this handy table for and outline of the factors constraining the use of each LID BMP. Further information regarding constraints to the design of various end-of-pipe BMPs can be found in the Ontario Ministry of the Environment Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual (2003). Before resorting to end-of-pipe BMPs, evaluate whether LID BMPs can meet the design criteria.

LID opportunities and land use types[edit]

When working in retrofit scenarios, note that each particular land-use type - road ROWs, residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, and park lands - all provide unique opportunities and challenges:

Performance requirements[edit]

Resources for evaluating LID practices within Ontario can be found at Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program (STEP) and Credit Valley Conservation's LID Monitoring program. For a global perspective on LID performance across various geographical regions, check out the International Stormwater BMP Database. Performance data can be downloaded or uploaded and statistical analysis tools are provided.

Operations and maintenance requirements[edit]

The LID Inspection and Maintenance Guide is intended to assist municipalities and industrial/commercial/institutional (ICI) property managers with developing their capacity to integrate LID BMPs into their stormwater infrastructure programs. Part 1 of the document provides guidance on designing an effective LID BMP inspection and maintenance program, based on experiences and advice from leading jurisdictions in the United States, adapted to an Ontario context. Part 2 of the document establishes standard cold climate protocols for inspection, testing and maintenance of seven types of structural LID BMPs.

Life cycle costing[edit]

See Cost analysis resources

Assessing effectiveness[edit]

Screenshot of the LID TTT
Menu bar of the LID TTT

Overview[edit]

The Low Impact Development Treatment Train Tool (LID TTT) is designed to help developers, consultants, municipalities and landowners understand and implement more sustainable stormwater management planning and design practices in their watersheds.

The LID TTT focuses on the use of Low Impact Development best management practices (BMPs) to meet stormwater management criteria for the site and can be used to:

The LID TTT is built upon the open source EPA SWMM5 hydrologic model providing a user-friendly interface for novice modelers and cross-compatibility with SWMM5 for further model development.

The LID TTT has been developed in partnership between Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, Credit Valley Conservation, and Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.

Integration with this guide is through suggested 'starting point' values for design parameters for the following BMP types:

This links to the project page, where you can download your free copy of the LID TTT.

TTT.png

How to download & install the Tool[edit]

View the Step-by-step instructional video below on how to download and install the LID TTT. This video covers how to set up your model, add LIDs and analyze results for pre- to post-development scenario

<iframe width="" height="" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/?listType=playlist&list=" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

How to use the Tool[edit]

View the Step-by-step instructional video below on how to use the LID TTT for you LID BMP projects.

<iframe width="" height="" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/?listType=playlist&list=" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

How to size your LID using an I:P ratio[edit]

View the Step-by-step instructional video below on how to use the LID TTT to route a simple residential sub-catchment to a bioswale feature, and shows users to consider the Impervious to pervious (or I:P) ratio in sizing the LID.

<iframe width="" height="" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/?listType=playlist&list=" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

After selecting a suite of BMPs and running the models, make a comparison between the modelling results results and the environmental design criteria. Employ an iterative approach, which involves adjusting the size or adding/deleting BMPs until the environmental design criteria are met. The LIDTTT can help with adjusting the size of the features to meet design criteria. Once met, the project can proceed to the detailed design stage.