Difference between revisions of "LID opportunities in park lands"

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'''<h3>LID opportunities in parks</h3>'''  [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The bioretention area installed at O’Connor Park
#REDIRECT [[LID opportunities on public land]]
in Mississauga is part of a stormwater management system
that treats parking lot runoff prior to discharging to a local
wetland. (Source: CVC)]]
 
Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to
complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking,
sidewalks, trails, sports fields, field houses, operations
facilities, and washrooms. Each distinct area of your site can
be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). These
areas should be targeted when introducing LID in your park.
<br><br>
'''<h4>Targeting hard surfaces</h4>'''
Hard surfaces like parking lots and internal driveways are the
most obvious areas to target for both stormwater quality and
water balance improvements. These features produce more
runoff than any other area on your site. Water quality of runoff
from parking lots and driveways is typically more polluted
than other source areas. Common water quality concerns
include sand and salt from winter de-icing operations, and
hydrocarbons (gasoline) and metals from vehicle breakdowns
Runoff from vegetated areas of parks will be relatively
clean and more closely match the natural water balance.
On municipal park properties, hard surfaces are usually
located adjacent to pervious areas such as lawns, gardens or naturalized areas. This makes an ideal location for a LID
retrofit. Where grading allows, you can construct bioswales
and bioretention areas in these green areas to pre-treat water
prior to infiltration.
You can also design parking surfaces and internal roadways
as infiltration systems using permeable pavement. This retrofit
strategy can be combined with other LID practices.
A pedestrian pathway paved with permeable pavement
is another LID option for your park. They will reduce runoff
volumes and encourage on-site infiltration. Pervious pipes
are a viable option on many parks sites as well. They can be
an alternative to conventional conveyance systems such as
storm sewers. They encourage infiltration from hard surfaces
and can be used to convey water to other LID features.
<br> <br>
'''<h4>Accepting drainage from off-site areas</h4>'''  [[File:Example1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|Urban parkettes may look small, but they have
the potential to treat a large surface area of road. Typical ratios
of impervious drainage area to bioretention range from 5:1 to
15:1. (Source: CVC)]]
 
Does municipally owned land drain into your retrofit site? If
so, this is an opportunity to provide stormwater controls for
these areas.
Roads are the most common source of runoff from external
properties into parks. Treating municipal road runoff in a park
requires planning input from municipal roads department
staff. For these projects, the team must understand how all
roads activities, including winter maintenance and potential
roadwork, will affect the operation of LID practices in the park.
<br><br>
'''<h3>Inter-municipal transfer of funds</h3>''' Integrating LID practices into the municipal stormwater
management framework may change how municipal funds are
managed. Traditional stormwater management maintenance
resources and funds may have to be transferred to a more landscape-based stormwater management maintenance program. Instead of infrequent but expensive stormwater management pond sediment removal operations, time and
resources will be spent on more frequent but inexpensive maintenance projects including pruning and weeding bioretention practices or sweeping permeable pavement.
Municipalities generally have the required staff and infrastructure within departments (e.g. arborist and horticulturalists in parks departments) to manage the maintenance of LID measures; however, funding this maintenance may require a transfer of funding and additional
training.
The federal Gas Tax Fund (GTF) is another funding option for
funding LID retrofits. This is a federal transfer that provides
long term funding for municipalities to build and revitalize
public infrastructure. Up to 30% of municipalities yearly GTF
allotment can be used towards stormwater management.
<br><br>
 
'''<h3>Source Areas</h3>'''  [[File:Example3.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The road surface (left) contributes significantly
more stormwater pollutants than the parkland area (right). To
achieve maximum watershed benefit a designer could consider
accepting runoff from this external area. (Source: CVC)]]
The LID option that best fits your site will depend what types
of source areas are present. Types of source areas include:
• Active use area
• Passive use area
• Pedestrian walkway
• Internal driveway
• Parking lot
On park sites, pollution prevention is often associated with
changes to operations and maintenance practices and has
not been included in Table 3.3.1. An aerial photo of a park
with each of these source areas accompanies Table 3.3.1.
Options and implementation strategies for a few of these
source areas will give you some ideas for your park site.
{| class="wikitable"
|colspan="9" style="text-align: center;|'''[[LID Options for Parks]]'''
|-
| Source area || Permeable pavement || Bioretention || Enhanced grassed swales || Bioswales || Soakaways and infiltration chambers || Perforated pipe system || Landscape alternatives || Prefabricated modules
|-
| Active use area ||style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|* ||style="text-align: center;| o ||style="text-align: center;| o
|-
| Passive use area ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| **
|-style="text-align: center;|
| Pedestrian walkway || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| * || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|o
|-
| Internal driveway || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|o ||style="text-align: center;| *
|-
| Parking lot ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|**
 
|-
!colspan="3" style="background:cyan; color:black"| '''** Common option'''
!colspan="3" style="background: orange; color: black"|'''* Possible option'''
!colspan="3" style="background: brown; color: white"|'''o Unlikely'''
|}

Latest revision as of 18:16, 15 March 2019

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