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Common reasons LID projects fail at the construction stage are:
Common reasons LID projects fail at the construction stage are:
*'''Lack of detail in designs and construction documents.''' Contractors can struggle to build LID facilities properly without enough detail in the contract drawings and without guidance and inspection throughout the construction process.
*Lack of detail in designs and construction documents
*'''Lack of knowledge.''' Designers often do not understand the complexities of the construction process, and contractors often don't understand the purpose of LID practices or the technologies they employ.
**Contractors can struggle to build LID facilities properly without enough detail in the contract drawings and without guidance and inspection throughout the construction process.
*'''Lack of effective erosion and sediment control during construction.''' LID practices are most vulnerable to sedimentation and [[clogging]] during their own construction or construction of adjacent lands.
*Lack of knowledge
*'''Lack of planning and communication.''' Poor communication protocols and the pace and extent of construction may preclude proper inspections and certifications.
**Designers often do not understand the complexities of the construction process, and contractors often don't understand the purpose of LID practices or the technologies they employ.
*Lack of effective erosion and sediment control during construction
**LID practices are most vulnerable to sedimentation and [[clogging]] during their own construction or construction of adjacent lands.
*Lack of planning and communication
**Poor communication protocols and the pace and extent of construction may preclude proper inspections and certifications.
Published research corroborates STEP’s experiences in the field (e.g., (DelGrosso et al., 2019 <ref> Delgrosso, Z.L., Clayton, C.H., Dymond, R.L. 2019 Identifying Key Factors for Implementation and Maintenance of Green Stormwater Infrastruture. Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment. 5 (3): 05019002. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/JSWBAY.0000878</ref>); LSRCA, 2011; ([https://www.chesapeakebay.net/channel_files/19219/cwp_james_river_tech_report_final_draft_062509.pdf.pdf CWP, 2009])<ref>Centre for Watershed Protection. 2009. Technical Report Stormwater BMPs in Virginia’s James River Basin: An Assessment of Field Conditions & Programs (part of the Extreme BMP Makeover project); see the [Inspection and Maintenance] page’s overview for a more detailed discussion). Del Grosso et al provide a helpful summary of positive considerations for LID construction: “[LID] requires more considerations during construction compared to traditional stormwater management facilities. … The proper construction of [LID] is centered around thoughtful construction sequencing, ensuring all parties involved know their responsibilities, protecting soils and media from compaction and clogging, property installing filter media and aggregate, and ensuring facilities are kept off-line until the entire drainage area is stabilized. More generally, it is important for contractors to be aware of the sensitivity of GSI and for municipalities to ensure that facilities are being inspected by qualified inspectors at critical points (Del Grosso et al, 2019, pg. 8).
Regular inspections throughout the construction process of LID practices prevent end products that are not built to the design specifications. Specifically, they ensure that:
Regular inspections throughout the construction process of LID practices prevent end products that are not built to the design specifications. Specifically, they ensure that: