Changes

*permeable articulating block/mat systems  

*permeable articulating block/mat systems  

For the sake of this page and associated costs/figures below the information found here relate to '''Permeable Pavers''', for costs and information associated with [[LID LCCT: Porous Asphalt|Porous Asphalt click here]]. STEP has prepared life cycle costs estimates for each design configuration, based on a 2,000 m² asphalt drainage area, runoff control target of 25 mm depth and 72 hour drainage period, for comparison which can be viewed below. To generate your own life cycle cost estimates customized to the development context, design criteria, and constraints applicable to your site, access the updated [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/lid-lcct/ LID Life Cycle Costing Tool (LCCT) here].

The information found here relates to '''Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers (PICP)'''. For costs and information associated with [[LID LCCT: Porous Asphalt|Porous Asphalt click here]]. STEP has prepared life cycle costs estimates for each design configuration, based on a drainage area composed of 1,000 m² of conventional asphalt and 1,000 m² of permeable pavers, runoff control target of 25 mm depth and 72 hour drainage period, for comparison which can be viewed below. To generate your own life cycle cost estimates customized to the development context, design criteria, and constraints applicable to your site, access the updated [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/lid-lcct/ LID Life Cycle Costing Tool (LCCT) here].

==Design Assumptions==

==Design Assumptions==

Design and operation and maintenance program assumptions used to generate cost estimates are based on tool default values and the following STEP recommendations:

Design and operation and maintenance program assumptions used to generate cost estimates are based on tool default values and the following STEP recommendations:

*Native soil infiltration rates for Full, Partial and No Infiltration Design scenarios were assumed to be 20 mm/h, 10 mm/h and 2 mm/h, respectively, and a safety factor of 2.5 was applied to calculate the design infiltration rate.

*Native soil infiltration rates for Full, Partial and No Infiltration Design scenarios were assumed to be 20 mm/h, 10 mm/h and 2 mm/h, respectively, and a safety factor of 2.5 was applied to calculate the design infiltration rate.

*Operation and maintenance (O&M) cost estimates assume annual inspections, removal of trash and debris twice a year, removal of sediment from pretreatment structures annually, and removal of weeds twice a year (where applicable). Verification inspections are included every 5 years to confirm adequate maintenance, and every 15 years to confirm adequate drainage performance through in-situ surface infiltration rate testing (where applicable).

*Operation and maintenance (O&M) cost estimates assume annual inspections, removal of trash and debris twice a year, and vacuum sweeping annually. Verification inspections are included every 5 years to confirm adequate maintenance, and every 15 years to confirm adequate drainage performance through in-situ surface infiltration rate testing.

* Maximum impervious drainage area to permeable surface area (I:P area) ratio of 1:1 (or 4:1 for roofs that contribute clean runoff to the practice)

* Impervious drainage area to permeable surface area (I:P area) ratio of 1:1

* Default Bedding depth of 50 millimeters.

* Default Bedding (2 to 5 mm dia. clear stone) depth of 50 millimetres.

* Default Base depth of 100 millimeters.

* Default Base (20 mm dia. clear stone) depth of 100 millimetres.

* Default Sub-base depth (50 mm dia clear stone) of 200 millimeters.

* Default Sub-base (50 mm dia. clear stone) depth of 200 millimetres.

* An underdrain (minimum 150 mm perforated pipe) is included in Partial Infiltration and No Infiltration design configurations only.

* A 150 mm diameter perforated underdrain pipe is included in Partial Infiltration and No Infiltration design configurations only.<br>

*The [[Permeable pavements: Specifications|storage layer]] must be [[Permeable pavements: Sizing|sized to accommodate runoff]] from the pavement and any impermeable areas draining to it.<br>

===Notes===

===Notes===

* Operation and maintenance cost estimates assume replacement of severely degraded/failing pavers after the first 8 years of operation.

* Operation and maintenance cost estimates include replacement of joint stabilizing aggregate material removed by annual vacuum sweeping and assume no rehabilitation of the permeable pavement surface is required over the 50 year timeframe.

* The tool calculates costs for new (greenfield) development contexts and includes costs for contractor overhead and profit, material, delivery, labour, equipment (rental, operating and operator costs), hauling and disposal.  

* The tool calculates costs for new (greenfield) development contexts and includes costs for contractor overhead and profit, material, delivery, labour, equipment (rental, operating and operator costs), hauling and disposal.  

** Land value and equipment mobilization and demobilization costs are not included, assuming BMP construction is part of overall development site construction.

** Land value and equipment mobilization and demobilization costs are not included, assuming BMP construction is part of overall development site construction.

==Life Cycle Costs==

==Life Cycle Costs==

Below are both the capital and life cycle costs of the three [[permeable pavements|permeable pavement]] configurations over a 25- and 50-year time periods.  horizon based on a detailed assessment of local input costs, maintenance requirements, rehabilitation costs and design scenarios relevant to Canadian climates. The costs of maintenance and rehabilitation (Life cycle costs) are set at "Present Value" of these activities in 2022. The estimates of maintenance and rehabilitation (life cycle) costs represent net present values (NPV). Operation and maintenance costs are predicted to represent between 18 to 20% of total life cycle costs over the 25-year evaluation period, and increase to between 36 to 29% of total life cycle costs over the 50-year period, due to costs associated with increased surface vacuuming, replacement of joint material after vacuuming, restriping, replacement of pavers and cleaning out underground pipes (underdrain and overflow) to prevent [[clogging]] assumed to be continually required after 25 years of operation.

Below are both the capital and life cycle costs of the three [[permeable pavements|permeable pavement]] configurations over a 25- and 50-year time horizon based on a detailed assessment of local input costs, maintenance requirements, rehabilitation costs and design scenarios relevant to Canadian climates. The costs of maintenance and rehabilitation (Life cycle costs) are set at "Present Value" of these activities in 2022. The estimates of maintenance and rehabilitation (life cycle) costs represent net present values (NPV). Operation and maintenance costs are predicted to represent between 18 to 20% of total life cycle costs over the 25-year evaluation period, and increase to between 26 to 29% of total life cycle costs over the 50-year period, due to costs associated with increased surface vacuuming, replacement of joint material after vacuuming, restriping, replacement of pavers and cleaning out underground pipes (underdrain and overflow) to prevent [[clogging]] assumed to be continually required after 25 years of operation.