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== LID opportunities at municipal facilities ==Each distinct area of your site can be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). These areas should be targeted when introducing LID in your municipal facility.
=== Targeting hard surfaces ===Municipal facilities have large parking lots to accommodate public demand. Parking areas represent the most significant source of pollutant loading from these sites and contribute significantly to increased runoff rates in comparison to natural conditions. Parking lots include areas for parking, areas for driving, and islands or landscape planters used for calming traffic, directing vehicles and improving pedestrian safety.LID practices can be incorporated into all areas of a parking lot. You can use [[bioretention]] in parking lot islands and along the lot perimeter. Standard curbs with small cut-outs (called ‘[[curb cuts]]’) can allow water to easily enter biorentention practices while also preventing damage from cars.[[Bioswales]] are excellent options in parking lot islands or along lot perimeters. Parking lots with existing perimeter ditching are ideal for bioswale integration due to their extended continuous flow path.Prefabricated modular [[infiltration chambers]] are gaining acceptance for their easy integration with parking lot functions. These subsurface systems are typically installed over a coarse granular reservoir to provide storage and allow infiltration into native soils. Infiltration chambers under conventional asphalt system work well on sites where parking demand and other site uses do not allow space for a stormwater feature.[[File:Bioretention_Planters_1.jpeg|thumb|[[Stormwater planters]] beautify this building entrance. The entrance receives a lot of traffic during business hours, making it an ideal location for a high visibility LID practice. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]][[Permeable paving]] is also an option in large municipal parking lots. Pervious concrete, permeable interlocking concrete pavers, and porous asphalt can detain stormwater and increase infiltration.Municipal facilities provide excellent opportunities for integrating [[rainwater harvesting]] systems. Rainwater harvesting systems have two requirements: an area for catchment of relatively clean runoff and a nearby demand for water usage. Municipal facilities often have large rooftop areas producing relatively clean runoff. Installing a cistern internal to the building or buried adjacent to the building can provide a sustainable source of water for site irrigation needs for landscaped areas, recreational fields and indoor use (e.g. flushing toilets and urinals).=== Targeting highly visible areas ===If your LID integration strategy involves highly visible LID practices, consider targeting areas with high-volume pedestrian traffic. This can help promote LID's visibility among the public and increase support for future LID projects. === Targeting pollution prevention opportunities ===On some municipal sites, pollution prevention techniques and strategies outlined in Chapter 2 are the best approaches to mitigating the environmental impact of your site. Retrofits of municipal works yards require a different approach than other land uses discussed in this guide. Works yards do not offer substantial opportunities for public interaction. LID retrofits should focus primarily on reducing pollution generated on-site. Fuelling stations, waste storage areas, truck washing stations, sand and salt storage, staging areas and water conveyance features are ideal forpollution prevention.=== Source areas ===The best LID option for your site will depend what source areas are present. Types of source areas include:*Active use areas*Passive use areas*Pedestrian walkways*Internal driveways*Parking lotsOn municipal sites, pollution prevention is often associated with changes to operations and maintenance practices and has not been included in '''Table 4.3.1'''. {| class="wikitable sortable"|+LID opportunities in parks <br>(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)|-!Source area![[Permeable paving]]![[Bioretention]]![[Enhanced grass swales]]![[Bioswales]]![[Infiltration trenches]] and [[infiltration chambers|chambers]]![[Exfiltration trenches]] !Landscape alternatives!Prefabricated modules|-|Active use area ||style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|* ||style="text-align: center;| o ||style="text-align: center;| o|-|Passive use area ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| **|-|Pedestrian walkway || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| * || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|o|-|Internal driveway || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|o ||style="text-align: center;| *|-|Parking lot ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|**|}[[File:Figure 4.3.7 (G-to-G Public Lands).JPG|Options and implementation strategies for a few of these source areas will give you some ideas for a park site.]]
→LID opportunities at municipal facilities
Consultation with the public is probably not needed for projects unlikely to affect public use. For example, implementing pollution prevention strategies around maintenance facilities and installing [[rain barrels]] on your roof drains are not on the public's radar. However, for small-scale practices to be integrated into public use areas and with the potential to change usage patterns in municipal facilies, public consultation should occur.
Consultation with the public is probably not needed for projects unlikely to affect public use. For example, implementing pollution prevention strategies around maintenance facilities and installing [[rain barrels]] on your roof drains are not on the public's radar. However, for small-scale practices to be integrated into public use areas and with the potential to change usage patterns in municipal facilies, public consultation should occur.
[[Category:Planning]]
[[Category:Planning]]