Line 1:
Line 1:
This is a collection of three articles with the common theme of being aggregate products for various applications in LID.
{{TOClimit|2}}
==Underground construction aggregates==
===For reservoirs===
{{:Reservoir aggregate}}
===For choking/choker layers===
{{:Choking layer}}
----
===OPS Aggregates===
{{:OPS Aggregates}}
For more information see [[OPS aggregates]]
==Reservoir stone and choker layer==
==Landscaping aggregates==
{{:Stone}}
*
==On-site verification==
{{:Jar test}}
[[File:Particle void ratio.png|thumb|The highest void ratio is found in uniformly graded aggregate, as there are no smaller particles to occupy the inter-particle pores.]]
[[File:Particle permeability.png|thumb|Higher permeability is found in larger, angular, uniformly graded aggregate. This is due to larger pore sizes and lower tortuosity.]]
The important characteristics of the stone within the reservoir or [[underdrain]] are the lack of fines, the void ratio and (to a lesser extent) the permeability.
Porosity and permeability are directly influenced by the size, gradation and angularity of the particles <ref>Judge, Aaron, "Measurement of the Hydraulic Conductivity of Gravels Using a Laboratory Permeameter and Silty Sands Using Field Testing with Observation Wells" (2013). Dissertations. 746. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/746</ref>
==Stone for erosion control==
Aggregates used to line [[swales]] or otherwise dissipate energy (e.g. in [[forebays]]) should have high angularity to increase the permissible shear stress applied by the flow of water. <ref>Roger T. Kilgore and George K. Cotton, (2005) Design of Roadside Channels with Flexible Linings Hydraulic Engineering Circular Number 15, Third Edition https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/pubs/05114/05114.pdf</ref> However, in some surface landscaped applications there may be a desire to use a rounded aggregate such as 'river rock' for aesthetic reasons.