Clogging

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Grates[edit]

Geotextiles/filter fabric[edit]

Laboratory research has demonstrated that the performance and clogging of maturing filter fabric can be predicted mathematically, based upon the media/filter material particle size distribution [1]. Elsewhere the mechanisms behind the clogging have been studied and characterised using CT-scanning technology [2].


[3] [4] [5] [6]

Filter media[edit]

Salty water has been shown to cause degradation of the filter media, and subsequent loss of the initial text and flow conditions [7]


  1. Palmeira, E. M. and Trejos Galvis, H. L. (2016). Opening sizes and filtration behaviour of non-woven geotextiles under confined and partial clogging conditions. Geosynthetics International. [1]
  2. Miszkowska, A., S. Lenart, and E. Koda. 2017. Changes of Permeability of Nonwoven Geotextiles due to Clogging and Cyclic Water Flow in Laboratory Conditions. Water 9(660). doi:10.3390/w9090660.
  3. Upstate Forever. 2005. “Bioretention - LID Fact Sheet.” Greenville, South Carolina. https://www.upstateforever.org/files/files/CAW_LIDFact_Bioretention.pdf.
  4. Tahvonen, O. 2018. Adapting Bioretention Construction Details to Local Practices in Finland. Sustainability 10(276). doi: doi:10.3390/su10020276.
  5. McLemore, A.J., J.R. Vogel, and S. Taghvaeian. 2017. “Bioretention Cell Design Guidance for Oklahoma.” http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-10743/BAE-1536web.pdf..
  6. Water by Design. 2014. Bioretention Technical Design Guidelines (Version 1.1). http://hlw.org.au/u/lib/mob/20150715140823_de4e60ebc5526e263/wbd_2014_bioretentiontdg_mq_online.pdf.
  7. Kakuturu, S.P., and S.E. Clark. 2015. Clogging Mechanism of Stormwater Filter Media by NaCl as a Deicing Salt. doi: 10.1089/ees.2014.0337. [2]