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Line 269: *[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/03/Alternatives-to-salt-technical-brief.pdf STEP Technical Brief: Alternatives to Salt]<ref>STEP. 2020. Alternatives to Salt: What else melts snow and ice? Technical Brief. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/03/Alternatives-to-salt-technical-brief.pdf</ref>**STEP released a technical brief on the alternatives to municipalities across Canada using salt as their primary deicer agent in winter, which has significant impacts (corrosion of infrastructure and other metal structures such as railings and doorways; damage to vehicles; contamination of surface and groundwater; impacts to roadside vegetation; increased wildlife collision rates; and large amounts of product waste due to blowing or bouncing off roadways). Numerous alternatives were tested to see what could feasibly replace the overreliance on rock salt which at a high-level include: chloride deicers, acetate deicers, and agricultural by-products (organics). Read more about the benefits, drawbacks, cost estimates and lowest working temperature for a given deicing agent.
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Line 275: *[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/03/Sand-vs-Salt-tech-brief.pdf LSRCA Technical Bulletin: Sand versus Salt] <ref>LSRCA. 2018. Sand versus Salt: Should sand be used for winter maintenance? Technical Bulletin, Volume 1 October 2018. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/03/Sand-vs-Salt-tech-brief.pdf</ref>**CVC developed a technical brief exploring the efficacy of the use of sand for winter maintenance, its associated environmental issues, and where its use is most appropriate. Sand although a known and regularly used alternative in some jurisdictions, tends to have additional costs and limited effectiveness when compared to rock salt. To read about these costs, effectiveness concerns and additional environmental impacts click the link to the technical bulletin above.*[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2015/11/AlternativeSalt_TechBrief_Nov2015.pdf Evaluation of Organic Anti-icing Materials for Winter Maintenance]. <ref>STEP. 2015. Evaluation of Organic Anti-icing Materials for Winter Maintenance. Technical Brief. Salt Management. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2015/11/AlternativeSalt_TechBrief_Nov2015.pdf</ref>**This study compares the performance of liquid road salt (brine) to three types of organic/semi-organic alternatives applied on a university parking lot in Waterloo, Ontario. Products are evaluated as anti-icers (applied pre-snowfall) based on the coefficient of friction (CoF). The results indicate that in general, anti-icing treatments improved friction levels by 10-40% relative to a control without any application of anti-icers. Despite containing less chloride, the organic and semi-organic products performed as well as traditional sodium chloride brine at similar application rates. Although organic anti-icers contributed less chloride into receiving streams, they contain higher concentrations of nutrients and organic content, which may limit their applicability in some context. To read more about these salt alternatives click the link above.
→External links
*[http://www.smartaboutsalt.com/ Smart about Salt]<ref>Smart About Salt Council (SASC). n.d. Smart About Salt: Winter Salt Management Program. http://www.smartaboutsalt.com/</ref>
*[http://www.smartaboutsalt.com/ Smart about Salt]<ref>Smart About Salt Council (SASC). n.d. Smart About Salt: Winter Salt Management Program. http://www.smartaboutsalt.com/</ref>
** The website of the Smart About Salt Council (SASC) that offers training, recommendations, research and up to date new articles about the importance of proper management and use of rock salt on Ontario roadways, parking lots, private and residential properties. Training is offered in both English and French.
** The website of the Smart About Salt Council (SASC) that offers training, recommendations, research and up to date new articles about the importance of proper management and use of rock salt on Ontario roadways, parking lots, private and residential properties. Training is offered in both English and French.
*[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/06/Procurement-Guidance-Parking-Lot-Snow-and-Ice-Mgmt.pdf Procurement Guidance for Parking Lot Snow and Ice Management]<ref>STEP. 2019. Procurement Guidance for Parking Lot Snow and Ice Management. Version 2.0 https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/06/Procurement-Guidance-Parking-Lot-Snow-and-Ice-Mgmt.pdf</ref>
*[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/06/Procurement-Guidance-Parking-Lot-Snow-and-Ice-Mgmt.pdf Procurement Guidance for Parking Lot Snow and Ice Management]<ref>STEP. 2019. Procurement Guidance for Parking Lot Snow and Ice Management. Version 2.0 https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/06/Procurement-Guidance-Parking-Lot-Snow-and-Ice-Mgmt.pdf</ref>
*[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/06/Salt-application-best-practices-for-winter-maintenance-contracts-brochure.pdf Salt Application Best Practices for Winter Maintenance Contracts]<ref>STEP. 2019. Salt Application Best Practices for Winter Maintenance Contracts. Technical Brief. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/06/Salt-application-best-practices-for-winter-maintenance-contracts-brochure.pdf</ref>
*[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/06/Salt-application-best-practices-for-winter-maintenance-contracts-brochure.pdf Salt Application Best Practices for Winter Maintenance Contracts]<ref>STEP. 2019. Salt Application Best Practices for Winter Maintenance Contracts. Technical Brief. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/06/Salt-application-best-practices-for-winter-maintenance-contracts-brochure.pdf</ref>
**STEP released a best practices document for winter maintenance contracts for private businesses to help reduce over-salting and ensuring that salt is applied responsibly on parking lots and walkways. The document highlights how an easy way to do this is by ensuring that businesses' snow and ice maintenance contract includes provisions requesting that industry best practices be employed and operators are adequately trained. Furthermore contracts should request evidence of knowledgeable contractor and property management staff, requiring training and certification through the [http://www.smartaboutsalt.com/training Ontario Smart about Salt Program].
**STEP released a best practices document for winter maintenance contracts for private businesses to help reduce over-salting and ensuring that salt is applied responsibly on parking lots and walkways. The document highlights how an easy way to do this is by ensuring that businesses' snow and ice maintenance contract includes provisions requesting that industry best practices be employed and operators are adequately trained. Furthermore contracts should request evidence of knowledgeable contractor and property management staff, requiring training and certification through the [http://www.smartaboutsalt.com/training Ontario Smart about Salt Program].
*[https://www.lsrca.on.ca/parking-lot-guidelines LSRCA's Parking Lot Design Guidelines] <ref>LSRCA. n.d. Parking Lot Design Guidelines. Webpage. Accessed 25, Mar. 25. 2022. https://www.lsrca.on.ca/parking-lot-guidelines</ref>
*[https://www.lsrca.on.ca/parking-lot-guidelines LSRCA's Parking Lot Design Guidelines] <ref>LSRCA. n.d. Parking Lot Design Guidelines. Webpage. Accessed 25, Mar. 25. 2022. https://www.lsrca.on.ca/parking-lot-guidelines</ref>