Changes

==Overview==

==Overview==

Streams draining urban areas are often much warmer than those draining natural ones due to changes in surface cover and hydrology.  Urbanization increases stream temperatures by decreasing riparian shading and replacing natural landscapes with hard, dark-coloured pavements and roofs that absorb and store heat from the sun.  The added impervious cover increases the volume of heated runoff while at the same time reducing discharge of cool groundwater to streams. This heating effect is further exacerbated as runoff flows through stormwater management ponds or other impoundments, where detained water is exposed to solar warming for extended time periods between rain events. This page explores different techniques for mitigating the effects of urbanization on the stream thermal regime.  

Streams draining urban areas are often much warmer than those draining natural ones due to changes in surface cover and hydrology.  Urbanization increases stream temperatures by decreasing riparian shading and replacing natural landscapes with hard, dark-coloured pavements and roofs that absorb and store heat from the sun.  The added impervious cover increases the volume of heated runoff while at the same time reducing discharge of cool groundwater to streams. This heating effect is further exacerbated as runoff flows through stormwater management ponds or other impoundments, where detained water is exposed to solar warming for extended time periods between rain events. This page explores different techniques for mitigating the effects of urbanization on the stream thermal regime.<ref>Credit Valley Conservation. 2011.  Thermal Impacts of Urbanization including Preventative and Mitigation Techniques. Prepared by AECOM under contract to CVC, Mississauga, Ontario. https://cvc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/cvc-thermal-impacts-urbanization.pdf</ref>

==Thermal Load==

==Thermal Load==