Changes

Surface cover also has the potential to provide cooling benefits. Options include floating islands, solar panels, shade balls, trellis infrastructure to support vines and south shading of east west oriented ponds with trees.  The data from various studies shows that surface cover needs to cover more than 70% of the pond with an opaque surface material to promote appreciable temperature reduction benefits.  Trees on the banks of ponds will not provide immediate thermal benefits as they will take time to grow, but are otherwise an excellent long term strategy.   

Surface cover also has the potential to provide cooling benefits. Options include floating islands, solar panels, shade balls, trellis infrastructure to support vines and south shading of east west oriented ponds with trees.  The data from various studies shows that surface cover needs to cover more than 70% of the pond with an opaque surface material to promote appreciable temperature reduction benefits.  Trees on the banks of ponds will not provide immediate thermal benefits as they will take time to grow, but are otherwise an excellent long term strategy.   

Ponds with large length to width ratios, oriented east-west with shading on the south side can also provide shading, although it will take several years for the shade to become established.<br>

Ponds with large length to width ratios, oriented east-west with shading on the south side can also provide shading, although it will take several years for the shade to become established.<br>

[[File:Shade balls close up.jpg|500px]]<br>

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Photo Source: TRCA, 2020. A close up of white shade balls used in Esker Pond<br>

as part of a thermal mitigation pilot. An example of an alternative option for<br>

File:Shade balls close up.jpg|Photo Source: TRCA, 2020. A close up of white shade balls used in Esker Pond as part of a thermal mitigation pilot. An example of an alternative option for thermal mitigation. To read more click here: [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/thermal-mitigation/evaluation-shade-balls-mitigating-summer-heating-stormwater-management-ponds Shade Balls study]<ref>Rocha, L., and VanSeters, T.2020. Evaluation of shade balls for mitigating summer heating of stormwater management ponds. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Vaughan, Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/thermal-mitigation/evaluation-shade-balls-mitigating-summer-heating-stormwater-management-ponds/</ref>

thermal mitigation. To read more click here: [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/thermal-mitigation/evaluation-shade-balls-mitigating-summer-heating-stormwater-management-ponds Shade Balls study]<ref>Rocha, L., and VanSeters, T.2020. Evaluation of shade balls for mitigating summer heating of stormwater management ponds. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Vaughan, Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/thermal-mitigation/evaluation-shade-balls-mitigating-summer-heating-stormwater-management-ponds/</ref><br>

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===In the Stream Corridor===

===In the Stream Corridor===