Changes

Any measure that decreases runoff volumes or temperatures or both can help mitigate thermal loads to streams or downstream treatment facilities.  Examples include [[bioretention]], [[infiltration trenches]] or [[infiltration chambers|chambers]], [[enhanced swales]], [[permeable pavements]], [[rain gardens|absorbent landscaping]] and increased canopy cover.  The figures below show the temperature (event mean temperature) and thermal load reduction results from several LID practices monitored in the Greater Toronto Area (Van Seters and Dougherty, 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., and Dougherty, J. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>] The most effective practices were deeper systems such as trenches, some deep bioretention facilities, and practices that promote significant runoff volume reductions. Beyond reducing temperatures and runoff volumes, enhancing [[infiltration]] also helps re-establish the natural baseflow regime that existed prior to development.<br>

Any measure that decreases runoff volumes or temperatures or both can help mitigate thermal loads to streams or downstream treatment facilities.  Examples include [[bioretention]], [[infiltration trenches]] or [[infiltration chambers|chambers]], [[enhanced swales]], [[permeable pavements]], [[rain gardens|absorbent landscaping]] and increased canopy cover.  The figures below show the temperature (event mean temperature) and thermal load reduction results from several LID practices monitored in the Greater Toronto Area (Van Seters and Dougherty, 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., and Dougherty, J. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>] The most effective practices were deeper systems such as trenches, some deep bioretention facilities, and practices that promote significant runoff volume reductions. Beyond reducing temperatures and runoff volumes, enhancing [[infiltration]] also helps re-establish the natural baseflow regime that existed prior to development.<br>

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[[File:Influent Effluent EMT.PNG|320px|thumb|right|Influent and effluent event mean temperatures (EMT) for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters and Dougherty, 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., and Dougherty, J. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:Influent Effluent EMT.PNG|350px|thumb|right|Influent and effluent event mean temperatures (EMT) for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters and Dougherty, 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., and Dougherty, J. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:1EMT reduction LID.PNG|350px|thumb|left|Event mean temperature (EMT) reduction for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters and Dougherty, 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., and Dougherty, J. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:1EMT reduction LID.PNG|380px|thumb|left|Event mean temperature (EMT) reduction for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters and Dougherty, 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., and Dougherty, J. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:Thermal load reduction LID.PNG|350px|thumb|center|Thermal load reductions for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters and Dougherty, 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., and Dougherty, J. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]<br>

[[File:Thermal load reduction LID.PNG|380px|thumb|center|Thermal load reductions for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters and Dougherty, 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., and Dougherty, J. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]<br>

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[[File:STEP MONITORING.jpg|thumb|450px|Example of TRCA/STEP staff conducting monitoring tasks associated with a bioretention cell at Kortright Centre in Vaughan, ON. Staff are downloading water level data from the feature using a [[Digital technologies|data logger]] placed within a monitoring well.<ref>TRCA. 2017. Furthering the State of Knowledge on Stormwater Management - News. October 4th, 2017. Accessed: April 18th, 2022. https://trca.ca/news/furthering-the-state-of-knowledge-on-stormwater-management/</ref>]]

[[File:STEP MONITORING.jpg|thumb|500px|Example of TRCA/STEP staff conducting monitoring tasks associated with a bioretention cell at Kortright Centre in Vaughan, ON. Staff are downloading water level data from the feature using a [[Digital technologies|data logger]] placed within a monitoring well.<ref>TRCA. 2017. Furthering the State of Knowledge on Stormwater Management - News. October 4th, 2017. Accessed: April 18th, 2022. https://trca.ca/news/furthering-the-state-of-knowledge-on-stormwater-management/</ref>]]

===Within the Pond Block===

===Within the Pond Block===