Changes

# '''IPZ‐2''':  This area is developed by utilizing both hydrodynamic modelling and a time-of-travel calculation within overland pathways (natural and human-made - i.e. rivers, creeks, swales, storm sewers, etc.) that ultimately lead to and discharge near the municipalities intake(s). Includes both the on and offshore areas where overland flowing water that may be polluted with a concentration of a given number of contaminants would be able to reach the municipal intake within approximately two (2) hours. The 2 hour mark is set as the minimum amount of time to allow municipal water system operators to address a potential contamination concern.

# '''IPZ‐2''':  This area is developed by utilizing both hydrodynamic modelling and a time-of-travel calculation within overland pathways (natural and human-made - i.e. rivers, creeks, swales, storm sewers, etc.) that ultimately lead to and discharge near the municipalities intake(s). Includes both the on and offshore areas where overland flowing water that may be polluted with a concentration of a given number of contaminants would be able to reach the municipal intake within approximately two (2) hours. The 2 hour mark is set as the minimum amount of time to allow municipal water system operators to address a potential contamination concern.

# '''IPZ‐3''': This area lies outside of IPZ-1 and IPZ-2 and as such contaminants likely could only reach the intake pipe during and/or after a major rainfall/storm event. The size and shape of an IPZ-3 zone is based on associated lakes, streams and other humanmade conveyances that could contribute excess overland flow during an event. <br>

# '''IPZ‐3''': This area lies outside of IPZ-1 and IPZ-2 and as such contaminants likely could only reach the intake pipe during and/or after a major rainfall/storm event. The size and shape of an IPZ-3 zone is based on associated lakes, streams and other humanmade conveyances that could contribute excess overland flow during an event. <br>

(Halton-Hamilton Source Protection Region, 2010<ref>Halton-Hamilton Source Protection Region. 2010. Intake Protection Zones (Lake Ontario). Accessed 2 June 2022. http://protectingwater.ca/planning.cfm?smocid=1437&parentcatid=841</ref>; Cataraqui Source Protection Area, 2022<ref>Cataraqui Source Protection Area. 2022. What is an Intake Protection Zone? Accessed 2 June 2022. https://cleanwatercataraqui.ca/resources/living-in-the-cspa/what-is-an-intake-protection-zone/</ref>)}}

(Halton-Hamilton Source Protection Region, 2010<ref name="example4">Halton-Hamilton Source Protection Region. 2010. Intake Protection Zones (Lake Ontario). Accessed 2 June 2022. http://protectingwater.ca/planning.cfm?smocid=1437&parentcatid=841</ref>; Cataraqui Source Protection Area, 2022<ref name="example5">Cataraqui Source Protection Area. 2022. What is an Intake Protection Zone? Accessed 2 June 2022. https://cleanwatercataraqui.ca/resources/living-in-the-cspa/what-is-an-intake-protection-zone/}}

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'''Vulnerability''' <br>

Vulnerability of the Intake’s Source Water

The vulnerability of the three IPZs are assigned scores that reflect their susceptibility to allowing contaminants to reach the municipal intake zone and is determined by local knowledge and technical inptu from industry experts, as well as judgment from the SPA/SPZ committee members.

The vulnerability scores assigned to the IPZ-1 and IPZ-2 intake protection zones reflect the susceptibility of the intakes to contaminants and is determined based on local knowledge and professional judgment. The score is based on multiplying the following factors:

The source vulnerability scores for IPZ-1 and IPZ-2 is based on multiplying the following factors:

* Distance of the intake from shore/boundary

* the depth of the intake from surface water interaction

* IPZ-1, due to its close proximity to the intake is set at the maximum vulnerability score value

* IPZ-2, considers the above characteristics along with the percentage of its area that is landcover

**It also considers land characteristics of this land area (soil permeability, slope and direction, [Soil groups|soil types], vegetation coverage, etc.

* IPZ-3 is not provided a vulnerability score due to its setback distance away from intakes. It's perimeter is designated based on nearby lakes and streams that contribute overland flow  to the intake<br>

(Halton-Hamilton Source Protection Region, 2010<ref name="example4" />; Cataraqui Source Protection Area, 2022<ref name="example5" />Cataraqui Source Protection Area. 2022. What is an Intake Protection Zone? Accessed 2 June 2022. https://cleanwatercataraqui.ca/resources/living-in-the-cspa/what-is-an-intake-protection-zone/)

===2) Identify Threats===

===2) Identify Threats===