Changes

*[https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000872 (Reddy et al. 2014) - Evaluation of Biochar as a Potential Filter Media for the Removal of Mixed Contaminants from Urban Storm Water Runoff]

*[https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000872 (Reddy et al. 2014) - Evaluation of Biochar as a Potential Filter Media for the Removal of Mixed Contaminants from Urban Storm Water Runoff]

**This research study conducted by the University of Illinois found that biochar (as a potential filter media for substrate/filter media in vegetative green roofs) effectively reduced TSS of the runoff by approximately 86% (influent/effluent = 148 mg/L / 20.75 mg/L) and the phosphate concentration by 47% (influent/effluent = 0.57 mg/L / ~0.30 mg/L) . In addition, the concentrations of other heavy metals were reduced between 17–75% (Reddy et al. 2014<ref>Reddy, K.R., Xie, T. and Dastgheibi, S. 2014. Evaluation of biochar as a potential filter media for the removal of mixed contaminants from urban storm water runoff. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 140(12), p.04014043.</ref>).

**This research study conducted by the University of Illinois found that biochar (as a potential filter media for substrate/filter media in vegetative green roofs) effectively reduced TSS of the runoff by approximately 86% (influent/effluent = 148 mg/L / 20.75 mg/L) and the phosphate concentration by 47% (influent/effluent = 0.57 mg/L / ~0.30 mg/L) . In addition, the concentrations of other heavy metals were reduced between 17–75% (Reddy et al. 2014<ref>Reddy, K.R., Xie, T. and Dastgheibi, S. 2014. Evaluation of biochar as a potential filter media for the removal of mixed contaminants from urban storm water runoff. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 140(12), p.04014043.</ref>).

[[File:DSL extensive green roof.jpg|thumb|600px|Schematic drawing of a Dual Substrate Layer (DSL) extensive green roof that helps to improve vegetation growth and establishment, stormwater retention and can act as a sink instead of a source of TP by improving substrate content by using charcoal, pumice with perlite and vermiculite for adsorption purposes (Wang, et al. 2017<ref>Wang, X., Tian, Y. and Zhao, X. 2017. The influence of dual-substrate-layer extensive green roofs on rainwater runoff quantity and quality. Science of the total environment, 592, pp.465-476.</ref>).]]

[[File:DSL extensive green roof.jpg|thumb|600px|Schematic drawing of a Dual Substrate Layer (DSL) extensive green roof that helps to improve vegetation growth and establishment, stormwater retention and can act as a sink instead of a source of TP by improving substrate content by using charcoal, pumice with perlite and vermiculite for adsorption purposes (Wang, et al. 2017<ref>Wang, X., Tian, Y. and Zhao, X. 2017. The influence of dual-substrate-layer extensive green roofs on rainwater runoff quantity and quality. Science of the total environment, 592, pp.465-476.</ref>).]]