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[[File:Tilley et al 2014 Schematic of the Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland.jpg|thumb|Schematic of a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland: Water flows through pipes on the subsurface of the ground through the root zone to the ground.]]
[[File:Tilley et al 2014 Schematic of the Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland.jpg|thumb|Schematic of a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland: Water flows through pipes on the subsurface of the ground through the root zone to the ground.]]
[[File:Tilley et al 2014 Schematic of the Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland.jpg|thumb|Schematic of the Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland: Water flows horizontally through the bed.]]
[[File:Tilley et al 2014 Schematic of the Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland.jpg|thumb|Schematic of the Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland: Water flows horizontally through the bed.]]
[[File:Schematic of the Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland.jpg|thumb|Schematic of a free-water surface constructed wetland: It aims to replicate the naturally occurring processes, where particles settle, pathogens are destroyed, and organisms and plants utilize the nutrients.]]
Constructed wetlands are similar to [[SWM ponds]] in function and design, with the most significant difference being that they are designed to incorporate shallow zones for wetland [[plants]]. A facility is normally characterized as a wetland if shallow zones (<0.5 m deep) make up more than 70 % of its volume.
Constructed wetlands are similar to [[SWM ponds]] in function and design, with the most significant difference being that they are designed to incorporate shallow zones for wetland [[plants]]. A facility is normally characterized as a wetland if shallow zones (<0.5 m deep) make up more than 70 % of its volume.