Rainwater harvesting: Sizing and modeling

Rapid

Five percent of the average annual yield (Y_0.05, in L) is calculated as the product of:

• The catchment area (A, in m²)
• The runoff coefficient for the catchment (C_vol)
• The average annual rainfall depth (R_a, in mm)
• the efficiency of the pre-storage filter (e), and
• 0.05

Five percent of the average annual demand (D_0.05) is calculated as the product of:

• The daily demand per person (P_d, in L)
• The number of occupants (n)
• 365, and
• 0.05

The following calculation is based upon two criteria:

1. A design rainfall depth is to be captured entirely by the RWH system.
2. The average annual demand (D) is greater than the average annual yield (Y) from the catchment.

When Y_0.05/ D_0.05 <0.33
The total storage volume required (V_S, in L) is calculated as the product of:

• The catchment area (A, in m²)
• The design storm runoff coefficient for the catchment (C_vol)
• The design storm rainfall depth (R_d, in mm), and
• the efficiency of the pre-storage filter (e).

Good catchment selection means that the runoff coefficient (C_vol) should be 0.9 or greater. Filter efficiency can be reasonably estimated as 0.9 pending manufacturer’s information.

When 0.33 < Y_0.05/ D_0.05 <0.7
The total storage required is the sum of V_S and Y_0.05.

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  Schematic diagram of the inputs and outputs to a rainwater harvesting cistern

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• RWH calcs.PNG

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STEP Rainwater Harvesting Tool

The Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program have produced a rainwater harvesting design and costing tool specific to Ontario. The tool is in a simple to use Excel format and is free to download.

In a study of three sites in Ontario, STEP found the annual C_vol of the rooftops to be around 0.8 [1]. This figure includes losses to evaporation, snow being blown off the roof, and number of overflow events.

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The Treatment Train Tool

Once the size of cistern has been determined, it can easily be modelled in many open source and proprietary applications.

In addition to the cistern size, this watershed scale modelling requires input information about draw down. time i.e. the rate of use.

<btnPrimary>The Treatment Train Tool</btnPrimary>

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1. REDIRECT Special:ArticleFeedbackv5

The land draining to a single reference point (usually a structural BMP); similar to a subwatershed, but on a smaller scale.

The portion of water precipitated onto a catchment area, which then flows as surface discharge from the catchment area past a specified point.

Water from rain, snow melt, or irrigation that flows over the land surface.

Rainwater harvesting.

The practice of intercepting, conveying and storing rainwater for future use. Captured rainwater is typically used for outdoor non-potable water uses such as irrigation, or in the building to flush toilets.

Tank used to store rainwater (typically roof runoff) for later use.

Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program

Abiotic transfer of water vapour to the atmosphere.