Changes

<p>A number of granular amendments have been demonstrated to improve nutrient removal from discharge water in BMPs such as [[bioretention cells]], [[absorbent landscapes]], [[sand filters]] or [[green roofs]]. </p>

A number of granular amendments have been demonstrated to improve nutrient removal from discharge water in BMPs such as [[bioretention]] systems, [[stormwater planters]], [[absorbent landscapes]], [[sand filters]] or [[green roofs]].  

<p>There are two primary processes involved, precipitation and adsorption. Both mechanisms are ultimately finite, but have been shown in come cases to make significant improvements on the discharged water quality over several years. </p>

 

<table class = "table table-striped table-responsive">

There are two primary processes involved, chemical precipitation and adsorption. Both mechanisms are ultimately finite, but have been shown in come cases to make significant improvements on the discharged water quality over several years.

<caption><strong>Soil Additives</strong></caption>

 

<tr class ='success'><th>Material</th><th>Benefits</th><th>Potential concerns</th></tr>

<tr><td>[[Biochar]]</td><td>-</td><td>Currently expensive<br>Energy intensive to produce</td></tr>

 

<tr><td>[[Bold and Gold]]^TM<td>Total Phosphorus removal upto 71%<ref>Hood A, Chopra M, Wanielista M. Assessment of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales for the Removal of Phosphorus from Stormwater. Water. 2013;5(1):53-66. doi:10.3390/w5010053.</ref></td><td>[http://boldandgold.com/index.html | Proprietary]</td></tr>

{|class="wikitable"

<tr><td>[[Iron filings (ZVI)]]</td><td>Proven phosphorus retention</td><td>May harm plants<ref>Logsdon SD, Sauer PA. Iron Filings Cement Engineered Soil Mix. Agron J. 2016;108(4):1753. doi:10.2134/agronj2015.0427.</ref></td></tr>

|+ Filter Media Additives

<tr><td>[[Red sand]]</td><td>Proven phosphorus retention</td><td>-</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Sorptive media]]^TM</td><td>Proven phosphorus retention</td><td>[http://www.imbriumsystems.com/stormwater-treatment-solutions/sorbtive-media | Proprietary]</td></tr>

!Material

<tr><td>[[Water treatment residuals]]</td><td>Waste product reuse</td><td>Quality</td></tr>

!Benefits

!Potential concerns

![[Biochar]]

|Renewable <br> Enhances soil aggregation, water holding capacity and organic carbon content||Currently expensive <br> Energy intensive to produce <br> Some sources say ineffective for phosphorus removal

![[Bold & Gold]]^TM

|Documented total phosphorus removal of up to 71%<ref>Hood A, Chopra M, Wanielista M. Assessment of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales for the Removal of Phosphorus from Stormwater. Water. 2013;5(1):53-66. doi:10.3390/w5010053.</ref>||[http://boldandgold.com/index.html Proprietary]

![[Iron filings or Zero valent iron (ZVI)]]

|Proven phosphorus retention <br> Retained phosphorus is stable||May harm plants<ref>Logsdon SD, Sauer PA. Iron Filings Cement Engineered Soil Mix. Agron J. 2016;108(4):1753. doi:10.2134/agronj2015.0427.</ref> <br> Removal efficiency declines with increased concentration of incoming phosphorus

![[Red sand or Iron-enriched sand]]

|Proven phosphorus removal <br> Also removes TSS||Poor orthophosphate removal in hypoxic or anoxic conditions

|-

![[Smart Sponge]]^TM

|Removes phosphorus, as well as TSS, fecal coliform bacteria and heavy metals <br> Non-leaching||1-3 year lifespan, after which the product is removed as solid waste <br> [http://www.abtechindustries.com/smart-sponge Proprietary]

![[Sorbtive Media]]^TM

|High phosphorus removal efficiency||[http://www.imbriumsystems.com/Portals/0/documents/sm/brochures/Sorbtive%20Media%20Brochure.pdf Proprietary]

![[Water treatment residuals]]

|Waste product reuse||Quality control (capabilities depend on source, treatment methods, storage time)

 

[[category: materials]]

[[category: materials]]