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| [[File:Bedding-raking.JPG|450px|thumb|right|Bedding course being spread across the infiltration area. (Photo Source: CVC)]] | | [[File:Bedding-raking.JPG|450px|thumb|right|Bedding course being spread across the infiltration area. (Photo Source: CVC, 2012)]] |
| The bedding layer consists of a coarse stone and provides a level medium onto which paved surfaces are installed. Note that bedding layers are required for permeable pavers but not porous concrete. Additionally, the bedding layer can function as the [[choker layer]], depending on the design. | | The bedding layer consists of a coarse stone and provides a level medium onto which paved surfaces are installed. Note that bedding layers are required for permeable pavers but not porous concrete. Additionally, the bedding layer can function as the [[choker layer]], depending on the design. |
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| '''Key Inspection Points:''' | | '''Key Inspection Points:''' |
| *Granular bedding material is correct size and material (e.g. 5 mm stone) upon arrival to site. For an example of a municipal standard for gradation and material size, refer to [https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/952c-ecs-specs-gi-specs-TS861Sep2021.pdf Toronto Standard 861]. | | *Granular bedding material is correct size and material (e.g. 5 mm stone) upon arrival to site. For an example of a municipal standard for gradation and material size, refer to ([https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/952c-ecs-specs-gi-specs-TS861Sep2021.pdf City of Toronto, 2021])<ref>City of Toronto. 2021. TS 861 Construction Specifications for Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/952c-ecs-specs-gi-specs-TS861Sep2021.pdf</ref>. |
| *Bedding depth conforms to design and is uniform across the LID feature. | | *Bedding depth conforms to design and is uniform across the LID feature. |
| *When a 3-metre straightedge is placed on the surface of the bedding material, gaps between the straightedge and bedding surface are not greater than 10 mm at any point. | | *When a 3-metre straightedge is placed on the surface of the bedding material, gaps between the straightedge and bedding surface are not greater than 10 mm at any point. |
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| '''Mistakes to Avoid:''' | | '''Mistakes to Avoid:''' |
| *Fines in the aggregate – ensure that the correct stone gradation is provided and the medium is free of fines and crushed stone. See [[Jar Test]] to ensure there are no fines in the crushed stone aggregate. | | *Fines in the aggregate – ensure that the correct stone gradation is provided and the medium is free of fines and crushed stone. See [[Jar test]] to ensure there are no fines in the crushed stone aggregate. |
| *Compaction – the bedding layer cannot be compacted | | *Compaction – the bedding layer cannot be compacted |
| *Use of plate vibrators – do not use plate vibrators for levelling, as they can crush the bedding material. Tamping should be performed after the installation of the pavers. | | *Use of plate vibrators – do not use plate vibrators for levelling, as they can crush the bedding material. Tamping should be performed after the installation of the pavers. |
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| | For more guidance on materials specifications, refer to [[Aggregates]], [[OPSS aggregates]] and ([https://www.roadauthority.com/Standards/?id=a28fdfaf-3bf8-4679-81ca-4e44b2263cf8 Ontario Provincial Standards, 2013]) <ref>Ontario Provincial Standards. 2013. OPSS.PROV.10101 Aggregates - Base, Subbase Select Subgrade, and Backfill Material. https://www.roadauthority.com/Standards/?id=a28fdfaf-3bf8-4679-81ca-4e44b2263cf8</ref> |
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