Changes

*[https://www3.epa.gov/region1/npdes/stormwater/research/epa-final-report-filter-study.pdf USEPA, 2013 - Evaluation and Optimization of Bioretention Design for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal]

*[https://www3.epa.gov/region1/npdes/stormwater/research/epa-final-report-filter-study.pdf USEPA, 2013 - Evaluation and Optimization of Bioretention Design for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal]

**USEPA conducted both field and laboratory testing on the performance of bioretention with augmented designs and filter media composition with aluminum hydroxide/oxide content, found normally within water treatment residuals. These additives added at 10-15% of the total filter media mix ad median removal efficiencies of 90-99% of orthophosphate and a second study found a bioretention design with WTR mixture in the filter media and a [[Bioretention: Internal water storage\IWSZ| Internal water storage\IWSZ]] optimized to remove phosphorus and nitrogen had a removal efficiency of 20% and effluent concentrations below 20ug/L (well below the MECP/CCME guideline in Ontario).

**USEPA conducted both field and laboratory testing on the performance of bioretention with augmented designs and filter media composition with aluminum hydroxide/oxide content, found normally within water treatment residuals. These additives added at 10-15% of the total filter media mix ad median removal efficiencies of 90-99% of orthophosphate and a second study found a bioretention design with WTR mixture in the filter media and a [[Bioretention: Internal water storage|IWSZ]] optimized to remove phosphorus and nitrogen had a removal efficiency of 20% and effluent concentrations below 20µg/L (well below the MECP/CCME guideline in Ontario).

==References==

==References==