Changes

!<br>'''Verification Inspection'''

!<br>'''Verification Inspection'''

|-

|-

|rowspan="23"|'''Visual Indicators'''

|rowspan="2"|'''[[Bioretention: Sizing|Contributing Drainage Area]]'''

|-

|-

|CDA condition  

|CDA condition  

|x

|x

|x

|x

|-

|-

|Inlet/Flow Spreader Structural Integrity

|Inlet/Flow Spreader Structural Integrity

|x

|x

|

|

|-

|-

|BMP dimensions

|BMP dimensions

|

|

|x

|x

|-

|-

|Standing water  

|Standing water  

|x

|x

|x

|x

|-

|-

|Vegetation cover

|Vegetation cover

|x

|x

|

|

|-

|-

|Monitoring well condition

|Monitoring well condition

==Construction Inspection Tasks==

==Construction Inspection Tasks==

[[File:LID-IM small.jpg|thumb|500px|Performance Inspection of a Rain garden. [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/low-impact-development-stormwater-practice-inspection-and-maintenance-guide/ Photo source: TRCA].<ref>TRCA. 2019. Low Impact Development Stormwater Inspection and Maintenance Guide. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/low-impact-development-stormwater-practice-inspection-and-maintenance-guide/</ref>]]

[[File:LID-IM small.jpg|thumb|400px|Performance Inspection of a Rain garden. [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/low-impact-development-stormwater-practice-inspection-and-maintenance-guide/ Photo source: TRCA].<ref>TRCA. 2019. Low Impact Development Stormwater Inspection and Maintenance Guide. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/low-impact-development-stormwater-practice-inspection-and-maintenance-guide/</ref>]]

Construction inspections take place during several points in the construction sequence, specific to the type of LID BMP, but at a minimum should be done '''weekly''' and include the following:

Construction inspections take place during several points in the construction sequence, specific to the type of LID BMP, but at a minimum should be done '''weekly''' and include the following:

# During site preparation, prior to BMP excavation and grading to ensure the CDA is stabilized or that adequate ESCs or flow diversion devices are in place and confirm that construction materials meet design specifications

# During site preparation, prior to BMP excavation and grading to ensure the CDA is stabilized or that adequate ESCs or flow diversion devices are in place and confirm that construction materials meet design specifications

# Prior to hand-off points in the construction sequence when the contractor responsible for the work changes (i.e., hand-offs between the storm sewer servicing, paving, building and landscaping contractors)

# Prior to hand-off points in the construction sequence when the contractor responsible for the work changes (i.e., hand-offs between the storm sewer servicing, paving, building and landscaping contractors)

# After every large storm event (e.g., 15 mm rainfall depth or greater) to ensure [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf Erosion Sediment Controls (ESCs)] and pretreatment or flow diversion devices are functioning and adequately maintained. View the table below, which describes critical points during the construction sequence when inspections should be performed prior to proceeding further. You can also download and print the table [https://wikidev.sustainabletechnologies.ca/images/7/7f/Construction_Inspection.pdf '''here''']<br>

# After every large storm event (e.g., 15 mm rainfall depth or greater) to ensure [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf Erosion Sediment Controls (ESCs)] and pretreatment or flow diversion devices are functioning and adequately maintained. View the table below, which describes critical points during the construction sequence when inspections should be performed prior to proceeding further. You can also download and print the table [https://wikidev.sustainabletechnologies.ca/images/7/7f/Construction_Inspection.pdf '''here''']<br>

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 1000px;"

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 1000px;"

|+'''Bioretention/Swales: Construction Inspections'''

|+'''Bioretention/Swales: Construction Inspections'''

*[http://www.agrifs.ir/sites/default/files/Weeds%20of%20North%20America%20%7BRichard%20Dickinson%7D%20%5B9780226076447%5D%20%282014%29_2.pdf Weeds of North America (book), 2014, by Richard Dickinson and France Royer, University of Chicago Press, 656 pgs.]

*[http://www.agrifs.ir/sites/default/files/Weeds%20of%20North%20America%20%7BRichard%20Dickinson%7D%20%5B9780226076447%5D%20%282014%29_2.pdf Weeds of North America (book), 2014, by Richard Dickinson and France Royer, University of Chicago Press, 656 pgs.]

{|class="wikitable"

{|class="wikitable" style="width: 1280px"

|+'''Bioretention/Swales: Key Components, Descriptions and Routine I&M Requirements'''

|+'''Bioretention/Swales: Key Components, Descriptions and Routine I&M Requirements'''

|-

|-

!Component="width: 500px"|Description

!style="width: 500px"|Comnponent

!style="width: 1500px"|Description  

!style="width: 1500px"|Description  

!style="width: 1500px"|Inspection & Maintenance Tasks

!style="width: 1500px"|Inspection & Maintenance Tasks

!style="width: 600px"|<span style="color:green">('''Pass''')</span> Photo Example

!style="width: 500px"|<span style="color:green">('''Pass''')</span> Photo Example

!style="width: 550px"|<span style="color:red">('''Fail''')</span> Photo Example

!style="width: 550px"|<span style="color:red">('''Fail''')</span> Photo Example

|-

|-

*Remove trash, debris and sediment from pavements (biannually to quarterly) and eavestroughs (annually);

*Remove trash, debris and sediment from pavements (biannually to quarterly) and eavestroughs (annually);

*Replant or seed bare soil areas as needed.

*Replant or seed bare soil areas as needed.

|[[File:Pass.PNG|400px|thumb|center|CDA has not changed in size or land cover. Sediment, trash or debris is not accumulating and point sources of contaminants are not visible.]]  

|[[File:Pass.PNG|300px|thumb|center|CDA has not changed in size or land cover. Sediment, trash or debris is not accumulating and point sources of contaminants are not visible.]]  

|[[File:Fail bio.PNG|380px|thumb|center|Size of the CDA has changed from design assumptions. A point source for contaminants is visible (i.e. lack of sediment controls on adjacent construction site). (Photo Source: North Carolina Cooperative Extension)]]  

|[[File:Fail bio.PNG|280px|thumb|center|Size of the CDA has changed from design assumptions. A point source for contaminants is visible (i.e. lack of sediment controls on adjacent construction site). (Photo Source: North Carolina Cooperative Extension)]]  

|-

|-

|'''[[Pretreatment]]'''

|'''[[Pretreatment]]'''

*Remove trash, debris and sediment annually to biannually or when the device sump is half full;

*Remove trash, debris and sediment annually to biannually or when the device sump is half full;

*Measure sediment depth or volume during each cleaning, or annually to estimate accumulation rate and optimize frequency of maintenance

*Measure sediment depth or volume during each cleaning, or annually to estimate accumulation rate and optimize frequency of maintenance

|[[File:Pretreatment pass bio.PNG|410px|thumb|center|[[Forebay]] is free of sediment, trash and debris and recently maintained. The large stones in the feature are used to slow down and spread out inflowing water into the feature and they remain well arranged and in place.]]  

|[[File:Pretreatment pass bio.PNG|310px|thumb|center|[[Forebay]] is free of sediment, trash and debris and recently maintained. The large stones in the feature are used to slow down and spread out inflowing water into the feature and they remain well arranged and in place.]]  

|[[File:Pretreatment fail bio.PNG|390px|thumb|center|An erosion gully occurring where bare soil is starting to become visible on the [[Vegetated filter strips|grass filter strip]] pretreatment feature at the inlet, thus indicating it is not effectively slowing and spreading out the inflow of stormwater to the BMP.]]  

|[[File:Pretreatment fail bio.PNG|290px|thumb|center|An erosion gully occurring where bare soil is starting to become visible on the [[Vegetated filter strips|grass filter strip]] pretreatment feature at the inlet, thus indicating it is not effectively slowing and spreading out the inflow of stormwater to the BMP.]]  

|-

|-

|'''[[Inlets]]'''

|'''[[Inlets]]'''

*Measure sediment depth or volume during each cleaning or annually to estimate accumulation rate and optimize frequency of maintenance;

*Measure sediment depth or volume during each cleaning or annually to estimate accumulation rate and optimize frequency of maintenance;

*Remove woody [[vegetation]] from filter bed at [[inlets]] annually.

*Remove woody [[vegetation]] from filter bed at [[inlets]] annually.

|[[File:Inlets bio pass.PNG|385px|thumb|center|There is no evidence of damage or displacement of the inlet structure that would prevent runoff from freely entering the BMP.]]  

|[[File:Inlets bio pass.PNG|285px|thumb|center|There is no evidence of damage or displacement of the inlet structure that would prevent runoff from freely entering the BMP.]]  

|[[File:Inlets bio fail.PNG|400px|thumb|center|Accumulated sediment and vegetation is preventing stormwater from entering the BMP. Sediment on the pavement surface in front of the inlet indicates ponding is also occurring]]  

|[[File:Inlets bio fail.PNG|300px|thumb|center|Accumulated sediment and vegetation is preventing stormwater from entering the BMP. Sediment on the pavement surface in front of the inlet indicates ponding is also occurring]]  

|-

|-

|'''Perimeter'''

|'''Perimeter'''

*Confirm the surface ponding footprint area dimensions are within ±10% of the design and that maximum surface ponding depth meets design specifications;

*Confirm the surface ponding footprint area dimensions are within ±10% of the design and that maximum surface ponding depth meets design specifications;

*Check for side slope erosion or damage that compromises water storage capacity

*Check for side slope erosion or damage that compromises water storage capacity

|[[File:Perimeter bio pass.PNG|405px|thumb|center|The footprint area of the bioretention cell does not significantly deviate from the final design and should not negatively affect its stormwater management treatment performance.]]  

|[[File:Perimeter bio pass.PNG|305px|thumb|center|The footprint area of the bioretention cell does not significantly deviate from the final design and should not negatively affect its stormwater management treatment performance.]]  

|[[File:Perimeter bio fail.PNG|400px|thumb|center|The footprint area of the BMP is significantly smaller than what was specified in the final design of this example and differ greater than the recommended SWM criteria requirements (>10%).]]  

|[[File:Perimeter bio fail.PNG|300px|thumb|center|The footprint area of the BMP is significantly smaller than what was specified in the final design of this example and differ greater than the recommended SWM criteria requirements (>10%).]]  

|-

|-

|'''[[Bioretention: Construction checklist|Filter Bed]]'''

|'''[[Bioretention: Construction checklist|Filter Bed]]'''

*Repair sunken areas when ≥ 10 cm deep and barren/eroded areas when ≥ 30 cm long;

*Repair sunken areas when ≥ 10 cm deep and barren/eroded areas when ≥ 30 cm long;

*Remove sediment when > 5 cm deep or time to drain water ponded on the surface exceeds 48 hours.

*Remove sediment when > 5 cm deep or time to drain water ponded on the surface exceeds 48 hours.

|[[File:Filter bed bio pass.PNG|395px|thumb|center|There are no erosion gullies or bare soil areas on the filter bed surface and mulch cover remains in place.]]  

|[[File:Filter bed bio pass.PNG|295px|thumb|center|There are no erosion gullies or bare soil areas on the filter bed surface and mulch cover remains in place.]]  

|[[File:Filter bed bio fail.PNG|400px|thumb|center|Erosion gullies and bare soil areas are present on the filter bed surface, indicating that concentrated flow occurs regularly into the BMP feature. (Source: CVC).]]  

|[[File:Filter bed bio fail.PNG|300px|thumb|center|Erosion gullies and bare soil areas are present on the filter bed surface, indicating that concentrated flow occurs regularly into the BMP feature. (Photo Source: CVC).]]  

|-

|-

|'''[[Vegetation]]'''

|'''[[Vegetation]]'''

*Replace dead plantings annually to achieve 80% cover by the third growing season;

*Replace dead plantings annually to achieve 80% cover by the third growing season;

*Do not apply chemical fertilizers.  

*Do not apply chemical fertilizers.  

|[[File:Vegetation bio pass.PNG|415px|thumb|center|The planted portion of the bioretention cell is completely covered with dense, attractive vegetation which helps to maintain its stormwater treatment function and aesthetic value.]]  

|[[File:Vegetation bio pass.PNG|315px|thumb|center|The planted portion of the bioretention cell is completely covered with dense, attractive vegetation which helps to maintain its stormwater treatment function and aesthetic value.]]  

|[[File:Vegetation bio fail .PNG|390px|thumb|center|A larger portion of the bioretention cell has no vegetation cover which reduces its aesthetic value and could be negatively affecting its stormwater treatment function. Much less than 80% of the planting area is covered by living vegetation requiring immediate maintenance and reseeding.]]  

|[[File:Vegetation bio fail .PNG|290px|thumb|center|A larger portion of the bioretention cell has no vegetation cover which reduces its aesthetic value and could be negatively affecting its stormwater treatment function. Much less than 80% of the planting area is covered by living vegetation requiring immediate maintenance and reseeding.]]  

|-

|-

|'''[[Overflow|Overflow Outlet]]'''

|'''[[Overflow|Overflow Outlet]]'''

*Keep free of obstructions;

*Keep free of obstructions;

*Remove trash, debris and sediment biannually to quarterly.

*Remove trash, debris and sediment biannually to quarterly.

|[[File:Overflow bio pass.PNG|420px|thumb|center|The overflow outlet is free of damage and obstruction and functions as originally designed.]]  

|[[File:Overflow bio pass.PNG|320px|thumb|center|The overflow outlet is free of damage and obstruction and functions as originally designed.]]  

|[[File:Overflow bio fail.PNG|380px|thumb|center|The overflow outlet is partially obstructed with trash and debris which reduces its capacity to safely convey excess water from the BMP, likely due to excess ponding thus obstructing outflow and impairing overall drainage function of the BMP.]]  

|[[File:Overflow bio fail.PNG|280px|thumb|center|The overflow outlet is partially obstructed with trash and debris which reduces its capacity to safely convey excess water from the BMP, likely due to excess ponding thus obstructing outflow and impairing overall drainage function of the BMP.]]  

|-

|-

|'''[[Underdrain|Sub-drain]]'''

|'''[[Underdrain|Sub-drain]]'''

*Keep pipe and flow restrictor free of obstructions by flushing annually;

*Keep pipe and flow restrictor free of obstructions by flushing annually;

*Inspect flow restrictor frequently (e.g., biannually to quarterly).

*Inspect flow restrictor frequently (e.g., biannually to quarterly).

|[[File:Underdrain bio pass.PNG|410px|thumb|center|There are no erosion gullies or bare soil areas on the filter bed surface and mulch cover remains in place.]]  

|[[File:Underdrain bio pass.PNG|310px|thumb|center|The perforated sub-drain pipe is not obstructed by sediment, debris or roots and shows no signs of damage.]]  

|[[File:Underdrain bio fail.PNG|400px|thumb|center|Erosion gullies and bare soil areas are present on the filter bed surface, indicating that concentrated flow occurs regularly into the BMP feature. (Source: CVC).]]  

|[[File:Underdrain bio fail.PNG|300px|thumb|center|Roots have penetrated the underdrain/sub-drain pipe and are substantially reducing its conveyance capacity. Structural damage, sediment/debris clogs or vegetation roots are visible and are reducing the conveyance capacity of the pipe by one third (33%) or more. (Photo Source: Pipelining Denver)]]  

|-

|-

|'''[[Monitoring well]]'''

|'''[[Monitoring well]]'''

|

|

*[[Wells|Standpipes]] should be securely capped on both ends and remain undamaged.

*[[Wells|Standpipes]] should be securely capped on both ends and remain undamaged.

|[[File:MonitoringWell bio pass.PNG|420px|thumb|center|There are no erosion gullies or bare soil areas on the filter bed surface and mulch cover remains in place.]]  

|[[File:MonitoringWell bio pass.PNG|340px|thumb|center|The well is undamaged and accessible and the cap is in place and secured to prevent unauthorized access.]]  

|[[File:MonitoringWell bio fail.PNG|400px|thumb|center|Erosion gullies and bare soil areas are present on the filter bed surface, indicating that concentrated flow occurs regularly into the BMP feature. (Source: CVC).]]  

|[[File:MonitoringWell bio fail.PNG|300px|thumb|center|The well standpipe has been damaged by snow plowing, which impairs its use for monitoring and is a safety hazard. With the cap unable to be secured unauthorized access can also occur.]]  

|}

|}

==Rehabilitation & Repair==

==Rehabilitation & Repair==

Table below provides guidance on rehabilitation and repair work specific to bioretention and dry swales organized according to BMP component.  

Table below provides guidance on rehabilitation and repair work specific to bioretention and dry swales organized according to BMP component.  

==Inspection Time Commitments and Costs==

==Inspection Time Commitments and Costs==

Estimates are based on a typical partial infiltration bioretention design (i.e., includes a sub-drain); estimates for other designs (i.e., full infiltration and no-infiltration) can be found in the [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2016/08/LID-IM-Guide-7.1-Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales.pdf Low Impact Development (LID) Stormwater Management Practice Inspection and Maintenance Guide]

Estimates are based on a typical partial infiltration bioretention design (i.e., includes a sub-drain); estimates for other designs (i.e., full infiltration and no-infiltration) can be found in the [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2016/08/LID-IM-Guide-7.1-Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales.pdf Low Impact Development (LID) Stormwater Management Practice Inspection and Maintenance Guide]<br>

[[File:Time commit cost.PNG|thumb|left|450px|General time commitments and costs for inspection of bioretention and dry swale features with partial infiltration (in 2016 $ figures).<ref>TRCA. 2018. Inspection and Maintenance of Stormwater Best Management Practices. Bioretention - Fact Sheet. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2018/02/Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales-Fact-Sheet.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:Time commit cost.PNG|thumb|left|400px|General time commitments and costs for inspection of bioretention and dry swale features with partial infiltration (in 2016 $ figures).<ref>TRCA. 2018. Inspection and Maintenance of Stormwater Best Management Practices. Bioretention - Fact Sheet. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2018/02/Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales-Fact-Sheet.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:Cost per maintenance task.PNG|thumb|450px|Per-task cost estimates for maintenance and rehabilitation of a partial infiltration bioretention feature (in 2016 $ figures).<ref>TRCA. 2018. Inspection and Maintenance of Stormwater Best Management Practices. Bioretention - Fact Sheet. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2018/02/Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales-Fact-Sheet.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:Cost per maintenance task.PNG|thumb|400px|Per-task cost estimates for maintenance and rehabilitation of a partial infiltration bioretention feature (in 2016 $ figures).<ref>TRCA. 2018. Inspection and Maintenance of Stormwater Best Management Practices. Bioretention - Fact Sheet. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2018/02/Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales-Fact-Sheet.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:Life cycle costs.PNG|thumb|center|450px|Construction and life cycle cost estimates for bioretention and dry swale features with partial infiltration (in 2016 $ figures).<ref>TRCA. 2018. Inspection and Maintenance of Stormwater Best Management Practices. Bioretention - Fact Sheet. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2018/02/Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales-Fact-Sheet.pdf</ref>]]<br>

[[File:Life cycle costs.PNG|thumb|center|400px|Construction and life cycle cost estimates for bioretention and dry swale features with partial infiltration (in 2016 $ figures).<ref>TRCA. 2018. Inspection and Maintenance of Stormwater Best Management Practices. Bioretention - Fact Sheet. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2018/02/Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales-Fact-Sheet.pdf</ref>]]<br>

</br>

</br>

The 8 page document prompts users to fill out details previously mentioned above on this page in other sections about various zones associated with [[Bioretention]] and [[Dry swale]] features (i.e. inlets, perimeter of the feature, filter bed, outlets, etc.) and describe why each area is a pass or fail, and if remediate action is required and under what timeframe it would be completed by. Furthermore, the forms prompt the reviewer to determine what type of  inspection is being conducted for the feature in question: Construction (C), Routine Operation (RO), Maintenance Verification (MV), or Performance Verification (PV). <br>

The 8 page document prompts users to fill out details previously mentioned above on this page in other sections about various zones associated with [[Bioretention]] and [[Dry swale]] features (i.e. inlets, perimeter of the feature, filter bed, outlets, etc.) and describe why each area is a pass or fail, and if remediate action is required and under what timeframe it would be completed by. Furthermore, the forms prompt the reviewer to determine what type of  inspection is being conducted for the feature in question: Construction (C), Routine Operation (RO), Maintenance Verification (MV), or Performance Verification (PV). <br>

<br>

<br>

[[File:Continuous monitoring.PNG|thumb|500px|Staff conducting monitoring of bioretention's water level with the use of a [[Digital technologies|continuous water level data logger]] located in the feature's[[Wells|monitoring well]]. [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2018/02/Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales-Fact-Sheet.pdf Photo Source: TRCA, 2018]<ref>TRCA. 2018. Inspection and Maintenance of Stormwater Best Management Practices - Bioretention. Fact Sheet. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2018/02/Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales-Fact-Sheet.pdf</ref>]]

 

[[File:Continuous monitoring.PNG|thumb|300px|Staff conducting monitoring of bioretention's water level with the use of a [[Digital technologies|continuous water level data logger]] located in the feature's[[Wells|monitoring well]]. [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2018/02/Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales-Fact-Sheet.pdf Photo Source: TRCA, 2018]<ref>TRCA. 2018. Inspection and Maintenance of Stormwater Best Management Practices - Bioretention. Fact Sheet. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2018/02/Bioretention-and-Dry-Swales-Fact-Sheet.pdf</ref>]]

<pdf width="900" height="800">File:Bio Swale Inspection Sheet.pdf</pdf>

<pdf width="900" height="800">File:Bio Swale Inspection Sheet.pdf</pdf>

==References==

==References==