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Inspection and Maintenance: Vegetated Filter Strips (view source)
Revision as of 21:12, 13 July 2022
, 1 year ago→Routine Maintenance - Key Components and I&M Tasks
*[https://lonepinebooks.com/product/plants-of-southern-ontario-2/ Plants of Southern Ontario (book), 2014, by Richard Dickinson and France Royer, Lone Pine Publishing, 528 pgs.]
*[https://lonepinebooks.com/product/plants-of-southern-ontario-2/ Plants of Southern Ontario (book), 2014, by Richard Dickinson and France Royer, Lone Pine Publishing, 528 pgs.]
*[http://www.agrifs.ir/sites/default/files/Weeds%20of%20North%20America%20%7BRichard%20Dickinson%7D%20%5B9780226076447%5D%20%282014%29_2.pdf Weeds of North America (book), 2014, by Richard Dickinson and France Royer, University of Chicago Press, 656 pgs.]
*[http://www.agrifs.ir/sites/default/files/Weeds%20of%20North%20America%20%7BRichard%20Dickinson%7D%20%5B9780226076447%5D%20%282014%29_2.pdf Weeds of North America (book), 2014, by Richard Dickinson and France Royer, University of Chicago Press, 656 pgs.]
{|class="wikitable" style="width: 1280px"
|+'''Vegetated/Grass Filter Strips: Key Components, Descriptions and Routine I&M Requirements'''
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!style="width: 500px"|Component
!style="width: 1500px"|Description
!style="width: 1500px"|Inspection & Maintenance Tasks
!style="width: 500px"|<span style="color:green">('''Pass''')</span> Photo Example
!style="width: 550px"|<span style="color:red">('''Fail''')</span> Photo Example
|-
|'''[https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2013/01/Vegetated-Filter-Strips.pdf Contributing Drainage Area (CDA)]'''
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Area(s) from which runoff directed to the BMP originates; includes both impervious and pervious areas.
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*Remove trash, debris and sediment from pavements (biannually to quarterly) and eavestroughs (annually);
*Replant or seed bare soil areas as needed.
|[[File:CDA Pass swale.PNG|300px|thumb|center|CDA has not changed in size or land cover. Sediment, trash or debris is not accumulating and point sources of contaminants are not visible.]]
|[[File:CDA Fass swale.PNG|280px|thumb|center|Ponding and sediment accumulation on the CDA is visible indicating runoff is not freely entering the BMP and that the pavement has not been swept recently.).]]
|-
|'''[[Inlets]] & [[Overflow: Gallery|Overflow Outlets]]'''
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Structures that deliver water to the BMP (e.g., [[Curb cuts]], [[inlets|spillways]], pavement edges, [[inlets|catch basins]], [[pipes]]) or [[Flow control|convey flow]] that exceeds the storage capacity of the BMP to another drainage system (i.e. other LID BMP, or storm sewer).
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*Keep free of obstructions;
*Remove trash, debris and sediment biannually to quarterly;
*Reconfigure splash block if displaced;
*Remove accumulated sediment
|[[File:Inlet Obstruction Pass swale.PNG|340px|thumb|center|There are no obstructions at the inlet and stormwater can freely flow into the BMP.]]
[[File:Overflow Outlet Pass swale.PNG|thumb|center|340px|The overflow outlet elevation and maximum surface ponding area closely match what was specified in the final design.]]
|[[File:Inlet Obstruction Fail swale.PNG|300px|thumb|center|Accumulated sediment and vegetation is preventing stormwater from entering the BMP. Sediment on the pavement surface in front of the inlet indicates ponding is occurring.]]
[[File:Overflow Outlet Fail swale.PNG|300px|thumb|center|The elevation of the overflow outlet is higher than what was specified in the design, producing a much larger surface ponding area than intended which could produce standing water for prolonged periods and cause vegetation to die off.]]
|-
|'''Perimeter'''
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Side slopes or structures that define the BMP footprint; may be covered by a mixture of [[vegetation]], with slopes no higher than 3% - inspection is done to confirm the dimensions and footprint area of the BMP are
acceptable.
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*For [[Absorbent landscapes|soil amendment areas]], inspection involves confirming that topsoil depth and degree of compaction are acceptable in the specified areas;
*Check for side slope erosion/damage from vehicular/foot traffic.
|[[File:Perimeter Pass swale.PNG|315px|thumb|center|The footprint area of the BMP does not significantly deviate from the final design and should not negatively affect its stormwater management treatment performance.]]
|[[File:Perimeter Fail swale.PNG|310px|thumb|center|The footprint area of the BMP is significantly smaller than what was specified in the final design of this example and differ greater than the recommended SWM criteria requirements (>10%), due to half the width having been paved over.]]
|-
|'''[[Filter strips: Performance|Filter Bed]]'''
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Gently sloping (between 0.5 and 3%) vegetated area that receives runoff from adjacent impervious surfaces and is composed of a 0.2 to 0.3 metre deep uncompacted [[topsoil]] layer containing 5 to 15% organic matter by dry weight where filtration and evaporation of runoff occurs. Vegetated filter strips and soil amendment areas should not pond water on the surface during storm events.
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*Check for standing water, barren/eroded areas, sinkholes or animal burrows;
*Remove trash biannually to quarterly;
*Remove accumulated sediment when ≥ 5 cm depth;
*Re-grade and restore cover over any animal burrows, sunken areas when ≥ 10 cm in depth and erosion rills when ≥ 30 cm in length;
*Add stone cover to maintain 5 to 10 cm depth where specified in the planting plan
|[[File:Filter Bed Pass swale.PNG|315px|thumb|center|The filter bed has retained its original grading without any sharp depressions that would indicate surface bed sinking.]]
[[File:Surface ponding Pass Swale.PNG|315px|thumb|center|TThe maximum surface ponding depth behind check dams matches what was specified in the final design. (Source:
Mark M. Holeman, Inc., 2015)<ref>Mark M. Holeman, Inc. 2015. What is a Bio-Swale? Authored by Rick Blankenship. 25 September 2015. Accessed 5 July 2022. http://www.holemanlandscape.com/2015/09/25/what-is-a-bio-swale/</ref>]]
|[[File:Filter Bed Fail swale.PNG|300px|thumb|center|Clear evidence of bed sinking is visible, creating a preferential ponding area where vegetation has died off.]]
[[File:Surface ponding Fail Swale.PNG|300px|thumb|center|The maximum ponding depth of the swale is significantly deeper than intended as the elevation of the check dam or overflow outlet is too high. (Source: Stiffler, 2012<ref>Stiffler, L. 2012.RAIN GARDEN REALITY CHECK: Comparing LID to conventional system failures. Authored by: Eric De Place. 18 April 2012. Sightline Institute. Sustainable Living Series. Accessed 5 July 2022. https://www.sightline.org/2012/04/18/rain-garden-reality-check/</ref>)]]
|-
|'''[[Vegetation]]'''
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Healthy vegetation cover (i.e., [[grasses]], herbs, [[shrubs]], and [[trees]]) is relied upon to intercept, uptake and evapotranspire stormwater and to provide habitat for soil organisms that break down pollutants. Plant roots also help to maintain soil structure and permeability. Routine maintenance of vegetation is the same as a conventional lawn or planting bed.
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*Watering during first two months after planting;
*Watering for the remainder of the first two (2) growing seasons (i.e., May to September) after planting or until vegetation is established;
*Watering for the remainder of the BMP lifespan
*Mow grass to maintain height between 5 to 10 cm;
*Routine maintenance is the same as a conventional lawn;
*In the first 2 months water plantings frequently (biweekly in the absence or rain) and as needed (e.g., bimonthly) over the remainder of the first growing season;
*Remove weeds and undesirable plants biannually to quarterly;
*Replace dead plantings annually to achieve 80% cover annually to biannually if dieback is particularly high or droughts disease are prevalent
*Prune shrubs and trees
*Cut back spent plants
*Divide or thin out overcrowded plants
|[[File:Veg Cover Pass swale.PNG|315px|thumb|center|The planted portion of the swale is well covered with dense, attractive vegetation which helps to maintain its stormwater treatment function and aesthetic value.]]
|[[File:Veg Cover Fail swale.PNG|315px|thumb|center|Major portions of the swale surface contains dead or dying vegetation which reduces its aesthetic value and could be negatively affecting its stormwater treatment function.]]
|-
|}