Changes

A 2009 survey of stormwater BMPs in the James River watershed (Virginia) by the Center for Watershed Protection found approximately half (47%) of the 72 BMPs deviated in one or more ways from the original design, or were receiving inadequate maintenance ([https://www.chesapeakebay.net/channel_files/19219/cwp_james_river_tech_report_final_draft_062509.pdf.pdf CWP, 2009])<ref>Centre for Watershed Protection. 2009. Technical Report

A 2009 survey of stormwater BMPs in the James River watershed (Virginia) by the Center for Watershed Protection found approximately half (47%) of the 72 BMPs deviated in one or more ways from the original design, or were receiving inadequate maintenance ([https://www.chesapeakebay.net/channel_files/19219/cwp_james_river_tech_report_final_draft_062509.pdf.pdf CWP, 2009])<ref>Centre for Watershed Protection. 2009. Technical Report

Stormwater BMPs in Virginia’s James River Basin: An Assessment of Field Conditions & Programs (part of the Extreme BMP Makeover project). Prepared by David Hirschman, Laurel Woodworth, and Sadie Drescher Center for Watershed Protection, Inc. Final Draft. June 2009. https://www.chesapeakebay.net/channel_files/19219/cwp_james_river_tech_report_final_draft_062509.pdf.pdf</ref>. Similar results have been revealed from surveys of stormwater detention ponds in Ontario (Drake et al., 2008<ref>Drake, J. Guo, Y. 2008. Maintenance of Wet Stormwater Ponds in Ontario. Canadian Water Resources Journal. 33 (4): 351-368. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4296/cwrj3304351?needAccess=true</ref>; LSRCA, 2011<ref>Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority (LSRCA). 2011. Stormwater Pond Maintenance and Anoxic Conditions Investigation. Final Report. Newmarket, ON. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2015/01/LSRCA-Stormwater-Maintenance-and-Anoxic-Conditions-2011.pdf</ref>), LID stormwater infrastructure in Virginia (DelGrosso et al., 2019 <ref> Delgrosso, Z.L., Clayton, C.H., Dymond, R.L. 2019 Identifying Key Factors for Implementation and Maintenance of Green Stormwater Infrastruture. Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment. 5 (3): 05019002. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/JSWBAY.0000878</ref>, and international research reviews (e.g., Blecken et al., 2015 <ref> Blecken, G.T., Hunt, W.F., Al-Rubaei, A.M., Viklander, M., Lord, W.L. 2015. Stormwater control measure (SCM) maintenance considerations to ensure designed functionality. Urban Water Journal. 14(3). 278-290. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1573062X.2015.1111913 </ref>), highlighting the need for thorough inspections of BMPs prior to assumption and a proactive approach to stormwater infrastructure operation and maintenance. Therefore, it is important to conduct timely inspections during construction and detailed inspection and testing prior to assumption to ensure that LID BMPs are:

Stormwater BMPs in Virginia’s James River Basin: An Assessment of Field Conditions & Programs (part of the Extreme BMP Makeover project). Prepared by David Hirschman, Laurel Woodworth, and Sadie Drescher Center for Watershed Protection, Inc. Final Draft. June 2009. https://www.chesapeakebay.net/channel_files/19219/cwp_james_river_tech_report_final_draft_062509.pdf.pdf</ref>. Similar results have been revealed from surveys of stormwater detention ponds in Ontario (Drake et al., 2008<ref>Drake, J. Guo, Y. 2008. Maintenance of Wet Stormwater Ponds in Ontario. Canadian Water Resources Journal. 33 (4): 351-368. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4296/cwrj3304351?needAccess=true</ref>; LSRCA, 2011<ref>Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority (LSRCA). 2011. Stormwater Pond Maintenance and Anoxic Conditions Investigation. Final Report. Newmarket, ON. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2015/01/LSRCA-Stormwater-Maintenance-and-Anoxic-Conditions-2011.pdf</ref>), LID stormwater infrastructure in Virginia (DelGrosso et al., 2019 <ref> Delgrosso, Z.L., Clayton, C.H., Dymond, R.L. 2019 Identifying Key Factors for Implementation and Maintenance of Green Stormwater Infrastruture. Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment. 5 (3): 05019002. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/JSWBAY.0000878</ref>), and international research reviews (e.g., Blecken et al., 2015 <ref> Blecken, G.T., Hunt, W.F., Al-Rubaei, A.M., Viklander, M., Lord, W.L. 2015. Stormwater control measure (SCM) maintenance considerations to ensure designed functionality. Urban Water Journal. 14(3). 278-290. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1573062X.2015.1111913 </ref>), highlighting the need for thorough inspections of BMPs prior to assumption and a proactive approach to stormwater infrastructure operation and maintenance. Therefore, it is important to conduct timely inspections during construction and detailed inspection and testing prior to assumption to ensure that LID BMPs are:

*Built according to approved plans and specifications

*Built according to approved plans and specifications

*Installed at an appropriate time during overall site construction and with protective measures to minimize risk of siltation or damage; and

*Installed at an appropriate time during overall site construction and with protective measures to minimize risk of siltation or damage; and