OPSS aggregates
Of the standard granular materials in the standard OPSS.MUNI 1010 only Granular O is recommended as a substitute for clear stone.
Where Granular O is substituted for clear stone in underground reservoir structures, the void ratio used in design calculations shall be 0.3 unless laboratory testing proves otherwise.
Examples of BMPs with underground reservoirs include Underdrains, infiltration trenches, permeable paving, infiltration chambers, exfiltration trenches.
Granular B type II and Select Subgrade Material (SSM) must be avoided in all LID structures. Both of these materials are permitted to have a higher proportion of undesirable fines in the distribution.
Justification[edit]
Sieve size (mm) | A | B type I | B type II | B type III | M | O | SSM | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | |
150 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||
106 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||
37.5 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||
26.5 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 50 | 100 | ||
19 | 85 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 80 | 95 | ||||||||
13.2 | 65 | 90 | 75 | 95 | 60 | 80 | ||||||||
9.5 | 50 | 73 | 32 | 100 | 55 | 80 | 50 | 70 | ||||||
4.75 | 35 | 55 | 20 | 100 | 20 | 55 | 20 | 90 | 35 | 55 | 20 | 45 | 20 | 100 |
1.18 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 100 | 10 | 40 | 10 | 60 | 15 | 40 | 0 | 15 | 10 | 100 |
0.3 | 5 | 22 | 2 | 65 | 5 | 22 | 2 | 35 | 5 | 22 | 5 | 95 | ||
0.15 | 15 | 2 | 65 | |||||||||||
0.075 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 25 |
d60 | 13 | 6 | 35 | 0.25 | 25 | 6 | 40 | 1.2 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 7 | 35 | 0.15 |
d10 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.08 | 1.2 | 0.075 | 1.2 | 0.085 | 0.6 | 0.09 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 1.2 | NN |
Content Uniformity | 19 | 60 | 35 | 3 | 21 | 80 | 33 | 14 | 17 | 56 | 6 | 23 | 29 | |
Void ratio (Vukovic) | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.26 | |
Mean void ratio (Vukovic) | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.3 | 0.26 | |||||||
K(Hazen)(mm/hr) | 1764 | 36 | 3600 | 23.04 | 5184 | 20.25 | 5184 | 26.01 | 1296 | 29.16 | 22500 | 324 | 5184 | NN |
Mean K(hazen)(mm/hr) | 900 | 1812 | 2602 | 2605 | 663 | 11412 | NN |
Void ratios were calculated based on the coefficient of uniformity (CU)[2][3][4]: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle V_{R}=0.255\left ( 1+0.83^{C_{U}} \right )} Where coefficient of uniformity is the ratio of the 60th and 10th percentile grain sizes: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle C_U=\frac{d_{60}}{d_{10}}}
Permeability (K) was estimated from the 10th percentile grain size using the Hazen formula.
- ↑ OPSS. (2013). Material Specficiation for Aggregates - Base, Subbase, Select Subgrade, and Backfill Material. Retrieved from http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/ops.nsf/0/0b9aa4d966cac4f9852580820062909e/$FILE/OPSS.MUNI%201010%20Nov%2013.pdf
- ↑ Vuković, Milan and Soro, Andjelko Determination of hydraulic conductivity of porous media from grain-size composition. Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colo, 1992.
- ↑ Odong, J. (2007). Evaluation of Empirical Formulae for Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity based on Grain-Size Analysis. Journal of American Science, 3(3). Retrieved from http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/0303/10-0284-Odong-Evaluation-am.pdf
- ↑ Zhang, S. (2017). Relationship between Particle Size Distribution and Porosity in Dump Leaching. the University of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0357233