Line 5: |
Line 5: |
| *<strong>Micro- or Ultra- filtration</strong> uses such fine membranes that the vast majority of harmful viruses, bacteria etc. are excluded from the water directly. | | *<strong>Micro- or Ultra- filtration</strong> uses such fine membranes that the vast majority of harmful viruses, bacteria etc. are excluded from the water directly. |
| All three water purification technologies require specialist design and consultation with a subject matter expert is recommended for higher tiers of water use. | | All three water purification technologies require specialist design and consultation with a subject matter expert is recommended for higher tiers of water use. |
|
| |
| {|class="wikitable" | | {|class="wikitable" |
| |+ Water quality treatment required for multi-residential and commercial applications (Abridged from [https://www.iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/110116-Draft-CSA_ICC-B805-Rainwater-Harvesting.pdf CSA B805 draft]) | | |+ Water quality treatment required for multi-residential and commercial applications (Abridged from [https://www.iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/110116-Draft-CSA_ICC-B805-Rainwater-Harvesting.pdf CSA B805 draft]) |
Line 13: |
Line 12: |
| !colspan="3" style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Stormwater pathogen reduction | | !colspan="3" style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Stormwater pathogen reduction |
| |- | | |- |
| !End Use Tier||Example uses||Viruses||Bacteria||Protazoa||Viruses||Bacteria||Protazoa | | !End Use Tier |
| | |Example uses||Viruses||Bacteria||Protazoa||Viruses||Bacteria||Protazoa |
| |- | | |- |
| !1|| | | !1 |
| {{plainlist| | | |{{plainlist| |
| *Sub-surface irrigation (drip/bubbler) | | *Sub-surface irrigation (drip/bubbler) |
| *Spray irrigation (restricted access) | | *Spray irrigation (restricted access) |
Line 23: |
Line 23: |
| |0||0||0||0||0||0 | | |0||0||0||0||0||0 |
| |- | | |- |
| !2|| | | !rowspan= "2"|2 |
| {{Plainlinst| | | |{{Plainlist| |
| *Toilet and urinal flushing | | *Toilet and urinal flushing |
| *Clothes Washing | | *Clothes Washing |
| *Rooftop cooling | | *Rooftop cooling}} |
| |0||99%||99%||99.99%||99.99%||99.9% | | |0||99%||99%||99.99%||99.99%||99.9% |
| | |- |
| | |HVAC systems |
| | |colspan=6 style="text-align: center;"|In accordance with [https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/bookstore/ansi-ashrae-standard-188-2015-legionellosis-risk-management-for-building-water-systems ASHRAE 188] |
| | |- |
| | !3 |
| | |{{plainlist| |
| | *Hose bibbs |
| | *Pressure washing |
| | *Vehicle washing |
| | *Spray irrigation (non-restricted) |
| | *Decorative fountains}} |
| | |99.9%||99.9%||99.9%||99.99%||99.99%||99.99% |
| | |- |
| | !4 |
| | |{{plainlist| |
| | *Human consumption |
| | *Oral care |
| | *Food preparation |
| | *Dish-washing |
| | *Bathing, showering, and hand washing |
| | *Pool/hot tubs/spas/splash pads |
| | *Misting stations |
| | *Swamp coolers}} |
| | |0||99.999%||99.999%||colspan = "3" style="text-align: center;"|Outside of the scope of the CSA standard |
| |} | | |} |
| | | ===Source Water Quality=== |
| <tr><td rowspan="2">2</td><td>Toilet and urinal flushing <br> Clothes Washing <br> Rooftop cooling</td><td>0</td><td>99%</td><td>99%</td><td>99.99%</td><td>99.99%
| | A study of many types of roof surfaces in Texas found: |
| </td><td>99.9%</td>
| | *'Cool' membrane, concrete tile, and metal roofs all produced water of similar good quality for non-potable use, |
| <tr><td>HVAC systems</td><td colspan=6 style="text-align: center;">In accordance with [https://www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/bookstore/ansi-ashrae-standard-188-2015-legionellosis-risk-management-for-building-water-systems ASHRAE 188] </td></tr>
| | *The runoff water from asphalt shingle and green roofs contained significantly more dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The DOC can add a yellow colour to the water. If the water is treated with chlorine, for drinking purposes, DOC can produce toxic compounds<ref>Mendez CB, Klenzendorf JB, Afshar BR, et al. The effect of roofing material on the quality of harvested rainwater. Water Res. 2011;45(5):2049-2059. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.015.</ref>. |
| <tr><td>3</td><td style="text-align: left">Hose bibbs <br>Pressure washing <br>Vehicle washing <br>Spray irrigation (non-restricted) <br>Decorative fountains </td><td>0</td>
| | Research in Hamilton, ON assessed the water quality of rain collected from three highly reflective 'cool roof' membranes<ref>Cupido, A., B. Baetz, Y. Guo, and A. Robertson. 2012. An evaluation of rainwater runoff quality from selected white roof membranes. doi: 10.2166/wqrjc.2012.011.</ref>. Key findings: |
| <td>99.9%</td><td>99.9%</td><td>99.99%</td><td>99.99%</td><td>99.99%</td></tr>
| | *The water was free from significant contamination with by-products of plastic manufacture and did not show elevated levels of the five metals tested. |
| <tr><td>4</td><td style="text-align: left"> Human consumption <br>Oral care <br>Food preparation <br>Dish-washing <br>Bathing, showering, and hand washing <br>Pool/hot
| | *Increased microbiological contamination was found in runoff from roof areas where ponding occurred. |
| tubs/spas/splash pads <br>Misting stations <br>Swamp coolers </td><td>0</td><td>99.999%</td><td>99.999%</td><td colspan=3 style="text-align: center;">Outside of the scope of
| | Note: Increased microbiological contamination in roof runoff is also associated with warmer weather <ref>Vialle C, Sablayrolles C, Lovera M, Jacob S, Huau MC, Montrejaud-Vignoles M. Monitoring of water quality from roof runoff: Interpretation using multivariate analysis. Water Res. 2011;45(12):3765-3775. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.029.</ref>. |
| the CSA standard</td></tr>
| |
| </table>
| |
| | |
| <h5>Source Water Quality </h5>
| |
| <p> A study of many types of roof surfaces in Texas found:
| |
| <ul>
| |
| <li>'Cool' membrane, concrete tile, and metal roofs all produced water of similar good quality for non-potable use, </li>
| |
| <li>The runoff water from asphalt shingle and green roofs contained significantly more dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The DOC can add a yellow colour to the water. If the water is treated with chlorine, for drinking purposes, DOC can produce toxic compounds[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135410008535]. </li>
| |
| </ul></p>
| |
| <p> Research in Hamilton, ON assessed the water quality of rain collected from three highly reflective 'cool roof' membranes[http://wst.iwaponline.com/content/70/7/1205?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Water_Science_and_Technology_TrendMD_0]. Key findings:
| |
| <ul><li>The water was free from significant contamination with by-products of plastic manufacture and did not show elevated levels of the five metals tested. </li>
| |
| <li>Increased microbiological contamination was found in runoff from roof areas where ponding occurred.</li>
| |
| </ul>
| |
| </p>
| |
| <p>Increased microbiological contamination in roof runoff is also associated with warmer weather[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135411002181].</p>
| |