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| ==Strategies== | | ==Strategies== |
| ===Fit the design to the terrain=== | | ===Fit the design to the terrain=== |
| Using the terrain and natural drainage as a design element is an integral part to creating a hydrologically functional landscape.<ref>Prince George’s County. 1999. Low Impact Development Design Strategies: An Integrated Design Approach. Prince George’s County, MD.</ref> Fitting development to the terrain will reduce the amount of clearing and grading required and the extent of necessary underground drainage infrastructure. This helps to preserve pre-development drainage boundaries which helps to maintain distribution of flows. Generally, siting development in upland areas will take advantage of lowland areas for conveyance, storage, and treatment. | | Using the terrain and natural drainage as a design element is an integral part to creating a hydrologically functional landscape.<ref>Prince George’s County. 1999. Low Impact Development Design Strategies: An Integrated Design Approach. Prince George’s County, MD.</ref> Fitting development to the terrain will reduce the amount of clearing and [[grading]] required and the extent of necessary underground drainage infrastructure. This helps to preserve pre-development drainage boundaries which helps to maintain distribution of flows. Generally, siting development in upland areas will take advantage of lowland areas for conveyance, storage, and treatment. |
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| ===Open space and clustered development=== | | ===Open space and clustered development=== |
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| ===Street network designs=== | | ===Street network designs=== |
| Certain roadway network designs create less impervious area than others. Figure 3.2.3 from the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (2002) demonstrates that loop and cul-de-sac street patterns require less area for streets. These layouts by themselves may not achieve the many goals of urban design. However, used in a hybrid form together or with other street patterns, they can meet multiple urban design objectives and reduce the necessary street area.<ref>Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). 2002 (Revised 2005, 2007). Residential Street Pattern Design. Research Highlight: Socio-Economic Series 75.</ref>A study comparing different road network designs for a hypothetical community showed a fused grid pattern can reduce impervious cover by 4.3% compared to a traditional neighbourhood design.<ref>Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). 2007. Research Highlight: A Plan for Rainy Days: Water Runoff and Site Planning. Socioeconomic Series 07-013. Ottawa, ON.</ref> | | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" |
| | |- |
| | |+ Figure adapted from CMHC (2007) |
| | ! |
| | !Square grid |
| | !Fused grid A |
| | !Fused grid B |
| | !Fused grid C |
| | !Fused grid D |
| | |- |
| | ! |
| | |[[File:Square Grid.png|frameless|upright=0.35]] |
| | |[[File:VFGA.png|frameless|upright=0.35]] |
| | |[[File:VFGB.png|frameless|upright=0.35]] |
| | |[[File:VFGC.png|frameless|upright=0.35]] |
| | |[[File:VFGD.png|frameless|upright=0.35]] |
| | |- |
| | |Percent of area for streets |
| | |35.0 % |
| | |27.4 % |
| | |27.4 % |
| | |23.7 % |
| | |23.7 % |
| | |- |
| | |Percent of buildable area |
| | |60.0 % |
| | |63.6 % |
| | |64.3 % |
| | |68.0 % |
| | |68.0 % |
| | |- |
| | |Percent of open space |
| | |5 % required |
| | |9.0 % |
| | |8.3 % |
| | |8.3 % |
| | |8.3 % |
| | |} |
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| | Certain roadway network designs create less impervious area than others. The figure from the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (2002) demonstrates that loop and cul-de-sac street patterns require less area for streets. These layouts by themselves may not achieve the many goals of urban design. However, used in a hybrid form together or with other street patterns, they can meet multiple urban design objectives and reduce the necessary street area.<ref>Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). 2002 (Revised 2005, 2007). Residential Street Pattern Design. Research Highlight: Socio-Economic Series 75.</ref>A study comparing different road network designs for a hypothetical community showed a fused grid pattern can reduce impervious cover by 4.3% compared to a traditional neighbourhood design.<ref>Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). 2007. Research Highlight: A Plan for Rainy Days: Water Runoff and Site Planning. Socioeconomic Series 07-013. Ottawa, ON.</ref> |
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| ===Reduce roadway setbacks and lot frontages=== | | ===Reduce roadway setbacks and lot frontages=== |