Changes

Vegetated channels installed downstream of pond outlets can help to reduce temperatures through shading, although typically a long channel is needed to have an appreciable benefit on temperatures.   

Vegetated channels installed downstream of pond outlets can help to reduce temperatures through shading, although typically a long channel is needed to have an appreciable benefit on temperatures.   

Underground detention chambers, have the potential to cool inflowing runoff and maintain temperatures suitable for discharge to cool water fisheries (Drake et al, 2015)<ref>McIntosh, N., Drake, J., Young, D. and Spencer, J. 2015. Modeling Sedimentation in Underground Stormwater Detention Chamber Systems. In International Low Impact Development Conference 2015: LID: It Works in All Climates and Soils (pp. 43-52). https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/soakaways-infiltration-trenches-and-chambers/evaluation-of-an-underground-stormwater-detention-chamber-system-in-markham-ontario/</ref>

Underground detention chambers, have the potential to cool inflowing runoff and maintain temperatures suitable for discharge to cool water fisheries (Drake et al, 2015)<ref>McIntosh, N., Drake, J., Young, D. and Spencer, J. 2015. Modeling Sedimentation in Underground Stormwater Detention Chamber Systems. In International Low Impact Development Conference 2015: LID: It Works in All Climates and Soils (pp. 43-52). https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/low-impact-development/soakaways-infiltration-trenches-and-chambers/evaluation-of-an-underground-stormwater-detention-chamber-system-in-markham-ontario/</ref>

Surface cover also has the potential to provide cooling benefits. Options include floating islands, solar panels, shade balls, trellis infrastructure to support vines and south shading of east west oriented ponds with trees.  The data from various studies shows that surface cover needs to cover more than 70% of the pond with an opaque surface material to promote appreciable temperature reduction benefits.  Trees on the banks of ponds will not provide immediate thermal benefits as they will take time to grow, but are otherwise an excellent long term strategy.   

Surface cover also has the potential to provide cooling benefits. Options include floating islands, solar panels, shade balls, trellis infrastructure to support vines and south shading of east west oriented ponds with trees.  The data from various studies shows that surface cover needs to cover more than 70% of the pond with an opaque surface material to promote appreciable temperature reduction benefits.  Trees on the banks of ponds will not provide immediate thermal benefits as they will take time to grow, but are otherwise an excellent long term strategy.   

Ponds with large length to width ratios, oriented east-west with shading on the south side can also provide shading, although it will take several years for the shade to become established.<br>

Ponds with large length to width ratios, oriented east-west with shading on the south side can also provide shading, although it will take several years for the shade to become established.<br>

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[[File:Shade balls close up.jpg|300px]]<br>

[[File:Shade balls close up.jpg|500px]]<br>

Photo Source: TRCA, 2020. A close up of white<br>

Photo Source: TRCA, 2020. A close up of white shade balls used in Esker Pond<br>

shade balls used in Esker Pond as part of a<br>

as part of a thermal mitigation pilot. An example of an alternative option for<br>  

thermal mitigation pilot. An example of an<br>  

thermal mitigation. To read more click here: [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/thermal-mitigation/evaluation-shade-balls-mitigating-summer-heating-stormwater-management-ponds Shade Balls study]<ref>Rocha, L., and VanSeters, T.2020. Evaluation of shade balls for mitigating summer heating of stormwater management ponds. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Vaughan, Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/thermal-mitigation/evaluation-shade-balls-mitigating-summer-heating-stormwater-management-ponds/</ref><br>

alternative option for thermal mitigation.<br>

To read more click here: [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/thermal-mitigation/evaluation-shade-balls-mitigating-summer-heating-stormwater-management-ponds Shade Balls study]<ref>Rocha, L., and VanSeters, T.2020. Evaluation of shade balls for mitigating summer heating of stormwater management ponds. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Vaughan, Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/thermal-mitigation/evaluation-shade-balls-mitigating-summer-heating-stormwater-management-ponds/</ref><br>

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