Changes

|}

|}

===Brine & Agricultural By-Product===

===Agricultural By-Products & Brine===

Many municipalities have found treated rock salt to be worth the extra investment, due to its increased effectiveness at lower temperatures and lower application rate when compared to standard rock salt application practices. Furthermore, the process of pre-wetting rock salt with brine or an agricultural by-product (beet juice for example) as it is applied can help the mixture better adhere to road and pavement surfaces better and reduce excess waste and can enhance the effectiveness of rock salt application below -12°C. To note, the effectiveness of agricultural by-products is still under some evaluation, as some major cities, including Toronto, use it under certain conditions, several Lake Simcoe watershed municipalities have tested it and found it not to be as effective as rock salt. Furthermore agricultural by-products have to be applied before a snowfall event to melt the fallen snow in a relatively short period of time, which generally is not possible or practical (if applied after a snowfall event it takes a long time to begin the melting process). Read more about these alternative applications in [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/03/Alternatives-to-salt-technical-brief.pdf STEP's Technical Brief: Alternatives to Salt]<ref>STEP. 2020. Alternatives to Salt: What else melts snow and ice? Technical Brief. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/03/Alternatives-to-salt-technical-brief.pdf</ref>.   

Many municipalities have found treated rock salt to be worth the extra investment, due to its increased effectiveness at lower temperatures and lower application rate when compared to standard rock salt application practices. Furthermore, the process of pre-wetting rock salt with brine or an agricultural by-product (beet juice for example) as it is applied can help the mixture better adhere to road and pavement surfaces better and reduce excess waste and can enhance the effectiveness of rock salt application below -12°C. To note, the effectiveness of agricultural by-products is still under some evaluation, as some major cities, including Toronto, use it under certain conditions, several Lake Simcoe watershed municipalities have tested it and found it not to be as effective as rock salt. Furthermore agricultural by-products have to be applied before a snowfall event to melt the fallen snow in a relatively short period of time, which generally is not possible or practical (if applied after a snowfall event it takes a long time to begin the melting process). Read more about these alternative applications in [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/03/Alternatives-to-salt-technical-brief.pdf STEP's Technical Brief: Alternatives to Salt]<ref>STEP. 2020. Alternatives to Salt: What else melts snow and ice? Technical Brief. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/03/Alternatives-to-salt-technical-brief.pdf</ref>.