Changes

Any measure that decreases runoff volumes or temperatures or both can help mitigate thermal loads to streams or downstream treatment facilities.  Examples include [[bioretention]], [[infiltration trenches]] or [[infiltration chambers|chambers]], [[enhanced swales]], [[permeable pavements]], [[rain gardens|absorbent landscaping]] and increased canopy cover.  The temperature (event mean temperature) and thermal load benefits of the practices are shown in figures 1 to 3 below.  The most effective practices were deeper systems such as trenches, some deep bioretention facilities, and practices that promote significant runoff volume reductions. Beyond reducing temperatures and runoff volumes, enhancing [[infiltration]] also helps re-establish the natural baseflow regime that existed prior to development.<br>

Any measure that decreases runoff volumes or temperatures or both can help mitigate thermal loads to streams or downstream treatment facilities.  Examples include [[bioretention]], [[infiltration trenches]] or [[infiltration chambers|chambers]], [[enhanced swales]], [[permeable pavements]], [[rain gardens|absorbent landscaping]] and increased canopy cover.  The temperature (event mean temperature) and thermal load benefits of the practices are shown in figures 1 to 3 below.  The most effective practices were deeper systems such as trenches, some deep bioretention facilities, and practices that promote significant runoff volume reductions. Beyond reducing temperatures and runoff volumes, enhancing [[infiltration]] also helps re-establish the natural baseflow regime that existed prior to development.<br>

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[[File:Influent Effluent EMT.PNG|500px|thumb|left|Influent and effluent event mean temperatures (EMT) for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters, ''et al.'' 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., Graham, C., Dougherty, J., Jacob-Okor, C., and David, Y. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:Influent Effluent EMT.PNG|500px|thumb|right|Influent and effluent event mean temperatures (EMT) for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters, ''et al.'' 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., Graham, C., Dougherty, J., Jacob-Okor, C., and David, Y. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]

[[File:Thermal load reduction LID.PNG|500px|thumb|center|Thermal load reductions for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters, ''et al.'' 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., Graham, C., Dougherty, J., Jacob-Okor, C., and David, Y. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]

==Within the Pond Block==  

==Within the Pond Block==