Changes

** This literature review paper looked at a multitude of studies highlighting the numerous benefits (hydraulic/water quality performance, heat-island mitigative effects, skid resistance ability and winter durability) associated with P.P and discussed some prominent papers' results. A project in Yakima, Washington (Yakima County website, 2012<ref>Yakima County website, 2012. Regional Stormwater Management Program, Project. Low Impact Development Demonstration Project. http://www.yakimacounty. us/stormwater/LID/project.htm.</ref>) compared effluent water samples collected in vaults adjacent to two pavement types (permeable and impermeable). The water samples collected from the P.P plot had significantly lower TSS values when compared to the control, impermeable plot's samples (25 mg/L vs. 320 mg/L). Whereas, Luck et al. (2008<ref>Luck, J.D., Workman, S.R., Coyne, M.S. and Higgins, S.F. 2008. Solid material retention and nutrient reduction properties of pervious concrete mixtures. Biosystems engineering, 100(3), pp.401-408.</ref>, 2009<ref>Luck, J.D., Workman, S.R., Coyne, M.S. and Higgins, S.F. 2009. Consequences of manure filtration through pervious concrete during simulated rainfall events. Biosystems Engineering, 102(4), pp.417-423.</ref>) found P.P to exhibit excellent mitigating characteristics for intensive, nearby agricultural practices (composted beef cattle manure) to help limit the amount of soluble phosphorus and total phosphorus in stormwater runoff (Xie, et al. 2019<ref>Xie, N., Akin, M. and Shi, X., 2019. Permeable concrete pavements: A review of environmental benefits and durability. Journal of cleaner production, 210, pp.1605-1621</ref>).

** This literature review paper looked at a multitude of studies highlighting the numerous benefits (hydraulic/water quality performance, heat-island mitigative effects, skid resistance ability and winter durability) associated with P.P and discussed some prominent papers' results. A project in Yakima, Washington (Yakima County website, 2012<ref>Yakima County website, 2012. Regional Stormwater Management Program, Project. Low Impact Development Demonstration Project. http://www.yakimacounty. us/stormwater/LID/project.htm.</ref>) compared effluent water samples collected in vaults adjacent to two pavement types (permeable and impermeable). The water samples collected from the P.P plot had significantly lower TSS values when compared to the control, impermeable plot's samples (25 mg/L vs. 320 mg/L). Whereas, Luck et al. (2008<ref>Luck, J.D., Workman, S.R., Coyne, M.S. and Higgins, S.F. 2008. Solid material retention and nutrient reduction properties of pervious concrete mixtures. Biosystems engineering, 100(3), pp.401-408.</ref>, 2009<ref>Luck, J.D., Workman, S.R., Coyne, M.S. and Higgins, S.F. 2009. Consequences of manure filtration through pervious concrete during simulated rainfall events. Biosystems Engineering, 102(4), pp.417-423.</ref>) found P.P to exhibit excellent mitigating characteristics for intensive, nearby agricultural practices (composted beef cattle manure) to help limit the amount of soluble phosphorus and total phosphorus in stormwater runoff (Xie, et al. 2019<ref>Xie, N., Akin, M. and Shi, X., 2019. Permeable concrete pavements: A review of environmental benefits and durability. Journal of cleaner production, 210, pp.1605-1621</ref>).

 

*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135419308450 (Ostrom and Davis, 2019) - Evaluation of an enhanced treatment media and permeable pavement base to remove stormwater nitrogen, phosphorus, and metals under simulated rainfall.]

 

**This article by Ostrom and Davis, 2019, out of the University of Maryland discusses a new treatment media that can be developed to improve dissolved pollutant removal and retention in permeable pavement practices. This structural media is called "High Permeability Media Mixture (HPMM)", and was designed as a base material for P.P practices that can retain phosphorus in stormwater that enters the practice. The results of this study showed that effluent total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) levels was lower than influent for all samples (12 storms). Removal efficiency was between 48 - 98% effective with a median effluent level of 0.045 - 0.05 mg/L (dependent upon the 3 configurations used) in comparison to TDP event mean concentrations of 0.22 mg/L (Ostrom and Davis, 2019<ref>Ostrom, T.K. and Davis, A.P. 2019. Evaluation of an enhanced treatment media and permeable pavement base to remove stormwater nitrogen, phosphorus, and metals under simulated rainfall. Water research, 166, p.115071.)</ref>.

*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24845330/ (Lee, et al. 2014) - Performance evaluation and a sizing method for hydrodynamic separators treating urban stormwater runoff.]

**This study conducted performance monitoring over a 6-year period (137 separate storm events) of four different hydrodynamic separators in Korean urban catchments between 2006 - 2012. Removal rates were relatively low at all four sites (1. Roadway site: Avg. Inflow = 239.32 mg/L vs Avg. Outflow = 122.2- mg/L /  2. Residential site:  Avg. Inflow = 59.74 mg/L vs Avg. Outflow = 50.35 mg/L / 3. Roadway Site: Avg. Inflow = 62.50 mg/L vs. Avg. Outflow = 33.76 mg/L / 4. Residential(63.5%) & Roadway (36.5%) CDA site: Avg. Inflow = 236.24 mg/L vs. Avg. Outflow = 160.54 mg/L). The low removal rates were due to high rates of extreme overflow events occurring with most suspended sediment being quite small/fine in nature (<75μm)(Lee, et al. 2014<ref>Lee, D.H., Min, K.S. and Kang, J.H., 2014. Performance evaluation and a sizing method for hydrodynamic separators treating urban stormwater runoff. Water science and technology, 69(10), pp.2122-2131)</ref>.

==References==

==References==