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The SBR is an active stormwater control because it utilizes control logic to make decisions on how captured rainwater is best utilized. The SBR is equipped with a series of sensors and a central programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC is fed information from the sensors, and these data streams are used by the PLC to decide how the system should be manipulated to maximize the benefits of the SBR. Here are some of the key sensors that are part of the SBR’s operation:

The SBR is an active stormwater control because it utilizes control logic to make decisions on how captured rainwater is best utilized. The SBR is equipped with a series of sensors and a central programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC is fed information from the sensors, and these data streams are used by the PLC to decide how the system should be manipulated to maximize the benefits of the SBR. Here are some of the key sensors that are part of the SBR’s operation:

Electromagnetic Flowmeter: Measures amount of rainwater that is conveyed into the basement. This measures how much water is being drained from the SBR and how much water is harvested OR overflows into the storm sewer (if the cistern overflows).

*'''Electromagnetic Flowmeter:''' Measures amount of rainwater that is conveyed into the basement. This measures how much water is being drained from the SBR and how much water is harvested OR overflows into the storm sewer (if the cistern overflows).

 

*'''Greywater Flowmeter:''' Measures the amount of treated water that is introduced into the greywater line.

Greywater Flowmeter: Measures the amount of treated water that is introduced into the greywater line.

*'''Rooftop Level Sensor:''' Measures elevation of rainwater on the roof. This is useful for determining if there is enough water on the roof to fill up the basement cistern without jeopardizing the ability of the third-floor treatment system to recirculate water.

 

*'''Cistern Level Sensor:''' Measures elevation of rainwater in the cistern. This is useful for determining if the cistern needs to be replenished.

Rooftop Level Sensor: Measures elevation of rainwater on the roof. This is useful for determining if there is enough water on the roof to fill up the basement cistern without jeopardizing the ability of the third-floor treatment system to recirculate water.

*'''Rooftop temperature Sensors:''' Measures the temperatures above the building and on the inside of the roof assembly (below the concrete roof slab). These sensors compare the heat gradient across the roof assembly where the SBR is located and where a conventional roof system remains. By doing so, the cooling benefit and energy savings of the SBR can be calculated.  

 

Cistern Level Sensor: Measures elevation of rainwater in the cistern. This is useful for determining if the cistern needs to be replenished.

 

Rooftop temperature Sensors: Measures the temperatures above the building and on the inside of the roof assembly (below the concrete roof slab). These sensors compare the heat gradient across the roof assembly where the SBR is located and where a conventional roof system remains. By doing so, the cooling benefit and energy savings of the SBR can be calculated.  

The data collected from these sensors is used to optimize rainwater use and quantify the SBR’s performance. An example of this optimization is the decision to prioritize treatment and distribution or the evaporative cooling benefits of the SBR. This decision is based on the atmospheric temperature outside of Building A. These are the details of the two (2) temperature scenarios:

The data collected from these sensors is used to optimize rainwater use and quantify the SBR’s performance. An example of this optimization is the decision to prioritize treatment and distribution or the evaporative cooling benefits of the SBR. This decision is based on the atmospheric temperature outside of Building A. These are the details of the two (2) temperature scenarios:

External Temperature Below 20°C: Priority is placed on ensuring the cistern is filled with enough rainwater to supply toilets. Roof surface readily drains roof water to the basement.  

*'''External Temperature Below 20°C:''' Priority is placed on ensuring the cistern is filled with enough rainwater to supply toilets. Roof surface readily drains roof water to the basement.  

 

*'''External Temperature Above 20°C:''' Priority is placed on maximizing evaporative cooling benefits. Rainwater depth on the roof is maximized and rainwater is not drained to the basement cistern. If the basement cistern is empty, municipal water is used in the toilets.

External Temperature Above 20°C: Priority is placed on maximizing evaporative cooling benefits. Rainwater depth on the roof is maximized and rainwater is not drained to the basement cistern. If the basement cistern is empty, municipal water is used in the toilets.

 

 

Data is transmitted to the PLC from the various sensors, and these data streams are uploaded to CVC’s existing WISKI database to calculate key performance indicators (KPI’s). Some of the KPI’s for the SBR include the following:

Data is transmitted to the PLC from the various sensors, and these data streams are uploaded to CVC’s existing WISKI database to calculate key performance indicators (KPI’s). Some of the KPI’s for the SBR include the following:

Volume of Water on the Roof: Determined using the level sensor installed on the SBR surface and the mathematical “stage-storage” relationship (based on the roof’s geometry) between water depth and water volume.

*'''Volume of Water on the Roof:''' Determined using the level sensor installed on the SBR surface and the mathematical “stage-storage” relationship (based on the roof’s geometry) between water depth and water volume.

 

*'''Daily Water Volume Evaporated:''' Determined by calculating how much captured rainwater does not make it through the basement electromagnetic flowmeter.

Daily Water Volume Evaporated: Determined by calculating how much captured rainwater does not make it through the basement electromagnetic flowmeter.

*'''Total Volume of Stormwater Managed:''' Calculated as the amount of rainwater that is supplied to toilets or evaporated. Managed stormwater does not have the opportunity to contribute to flooding or erosion.

 

*'''Net Energy Savings:''' The sum of energy savings through evaporative cooling and energy savings from avoiding the need to treat and distribute water from Lake Ontario for use in Building A. This amount considers the energy demands of the in-house treatment systems.

Total Volume of Stormwater Managed: Calculated as the amount of rainwater that is supplied to toilets or evaporated. Managed stormwater does not have the opportunity to contribute to flooding or erosion.

*'''Emissions Prevented by Reduced Potable Water Demand:''' Greenhouse gas emission reductions due to a lowered need for electricity in the City of Mississauga’s water treatment system.  

 

Net Energy Savings: The sum of energy savings through evaporative cooling and energy savings from avoiding the need to treat and distribute water from Lake Ontario for use in Building A. This amount considers the energy demands of the in-house treatment systems.

 

Emissions Prevented by Reduced Potable Water Demand: Greenhouse gas emission reductions due to a lowered need for electricity in the City of Mississauga’s water treatment system.  

These KPI’s, and others, will be important metrics for quantifying the benefits of CVC’s SBR. With the information gained from this implementation study, the potential of this emerging technology can be understood by others. Through knowledge dissemination, CVC aims to showcase SBR technology as an effective and feasible stormwater management and water conservation solution.

These KPI’s, and others, will be important metrics for quantifying the benefits of CVC’s SBR. With the information gained from this implementation study, the potential of this emerging technology can be understood by others. Through knowledge dissemination, CVC aims to showcase SBR technology as an effective and feasible stormwater management and water conservation solution.