Changes

'''<h3>[[LID opportunities in parks]]</h3>''' [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The bioretention area installed at O’Connor Park

==[[LID opportunities in parks]]== [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The bioretention area installed at O’Connor Park in Mississauga is part of a stormwater management system that treats parking lot runoff prior to discharging to a local wetland. (Source: CVC)]]

in Mississauga is part of a stormwater management system

that treats parking lot runoff prior to discharging to a local

wetland. (Source: CVC)]]

Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to

Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking, sidewalks, trails, sports fields, field houses, operations facilities, and washrooms. Each distinct area of your site can be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). These areas should be targeted when introducing LID in your park.

complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking,

sidewalks, trails, sports fields, field houses, operations

facilities, and washrooms. Each distinct area of your site can

be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). These

areas should be targeted when introducing LID in your park.

'''<h4>Targeting hard surfaces</h4>'''

===Targeting hard surfaces===

Hard surfaces like parking lots and internal driveways are the

Hard surfaces like parking lots and internal driveways are the most obvious areas to target for both stormwater quality and water balance improvements. These features produce more runoff than any other area on your site. Water quality of runoff from parking lots and driveways is typically more polluted than other source areas. Common water quality concerns include sand and salt from [[winter]] de-icing operations, and hydrocarbons (gasoline) and metals from vehicle breakdowns.

most obvious areas to target for both stormwater quality and

 

water balance improvements. These features produce more

Runoff from vegetated areas of parks will be relatively clean and more closely match the natural water balance. On municipal park properties, hard surfaces are usually

runoff than any other area on your site. Water quality of runoff

located adjacent to pervious areas such as lawns, gardens or naturalized areas. This makes an ideal location for a LID retrofit. Where grading allows, you can construct [[bioswales]] and [[bioretention]] areas in these green areas to pre-treat water prior to infiltration.

from parking lots and driveways is typically more polluted

 

than other source areas. Common water quality concerns

You can also design parking surfaces and internal roadways as infiltration systems using permeable pavement. This retrofit strategy can be combined with other LID practices. Apathway paved with [[permeable paving]] is another LID option for your park. They will reduce runoff volumes and encourage on-site infiltration. [[Exfiltration trenches]] are a viable option on many parks sites as well. They can be an alternative to conventional conveyance systems such as storm sewers. They encourage infiltration from hard surfaces and can be used to convey water to other LID features.

include sand and salt from winter de-icing operations, and

hydrocarbons (gasoline) and metals from vehicle breakdowns

Runoff from vegetated areas of parks will be relatively

clean and more closely match the natural water balance.

On municipal park properties, hard surfaces are usually

located adjacent to pervious areas such as lawns, gardens or naturalized areas. This makes an ideal location for a LID

retrofit. Where grading allows, you can construct bioswales

and bioretention areas in these green areas to pre-treat water

prior to infiltration.

You can also design parking surfaces and internal roadways

as infiltration systems using permeable pavement. This retrofit

strategy can be combined with other LID practices.

A pedestrian pathway paved with permeable pavement

is another LID option for your park. They will reduce runoff

volumes and encourage on-site infiltration. Pervious pipes

are a viable option on many parks sites as well. They can be

an alternative to conventional conveyance systems such as

storm sewers. They encourage infiltration from hard surfaces

and can be used to convey water to other LID features.

   

   

'''<h4>Accepting drainage from off-site areas</h4>''' [[File:Example1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|Urban parkettes may look small, but they have

===Accepting drainage from off-site areas===  

[[File:Example1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|Urban parkettes may look small, but they have

the potential to treat a large surface area of road. Typical ratios

the potential to treat a large surface area of road. Typical ratios

of impervious drainage area to bioretention range from 5:1 to

of impervious drainage area to bioretention range from 5:1 to

15:1. (Source: CVC)]]

15:1. (Source: CVC)]]

Does municipally owned land drain into your retrofit site? If

Does municipally owned land drain into your retrofit site? If so, this is an opportunity to provide stormwater controls for these areas.

so, this is an opportunity to provide stormwater controls for

Roads are the most common source of runoff from external properties into parks. Treating municipal road runoff in a park requires planning input from municipal roads department staff. For these projects, the team must understand how all roads activities, including winter maintenance and potential roadwork, will affect the operation of LID practices in the park.

these areas.

Roads are the most common source of runoff from external

properties into parks. Treating municipal road runoff in a park

requires planning input from municipal roads department

staff. For these projects, the team must understand how all

roads activities, including winter maintenance and potential

roadwork, will affect the operation of LID practices in the park.

'''<h4>Inter-municipal transfer of funds</h4>''' Integrating LID practices into the municipal stormwater management framework may change how municipal funds are managed. Traditional stormwater management maintenance resources and funds may have to be transferred to a more landscape-based stormwater management maintenance program. Instead of infrequent but expensive stormwater management pond sediment removal operations, time and resources will be spent on more frequent but inexpensive maintenance projects including pruning and weeding bioretention practices or sweeping permeable pavement.

===Inter-municipal transfer of funds===

Integrating LID practices into the municipal stormwater management framework may change how municipal funds are managed. Traditional stormwater management maintenance resources and funds may have to be transferred to a more landscape-based stormwater management maintenance program. Instead of infrequent but expensive stormwater management pond sediment removal operations, time and resources will be spent on more frequent but inexpensive maintenance projects including pruning and weeding bioretention practices or sweeping permeable pavement.

Municipalities generally have the required staff and infrastructure within departments (e.g. arborist and horticulturalists in parks departments) to manage the maintenance of LID measures; however, funding this maintenance may require a transfer of funding and additional training.  

Municipalities generally have the required staff and infrastructure within departments (e.g. arborist and horticulturalists in parks departments) to manage the maintenance of LID measures; however, funding this maintenance may require a transfer of funding and additional training.  

The federal Gas Tax Fund (GTF) is another funding option for

The federal Gas Tax Fund (GTF) is another funding option for funding LID retrofits. This is a federal transfer that provides long term funding for municipalities to build and revitalize public infrastructure. Up to 30% of municipalities yearly GTF allotment can be used towards stormwater management.

funding LID retrofits. This is a federal transfer that provides

 

long term funding for municipalities to build and revitalize

===Source Areas===  

public infrastructure. Up to 30% of municipalities yearly GTF

[[File:Example3.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The road surface (left) contributes significantly more stormwater pollutants than the parkland area (right). To

allotment can be used towards stormwater management.

achieve maximum watershed benefit a designer could consider accepting runoff from this external area. (Source: CVC)]]

 

'''<h4>Source Areas</h4>''' [[File:Example3.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The road surface (left) contributes significantly

The LID option that best fits your site will depend what types of source areas are present. Source areas may include:

more stormwater pollutants than the parkland area (right). To

* Active use areas

achieve maximum watershed benefit a designer could consider

* Passive use areas

accepting runoff from this external area. (Source: CVC)]]

* Pedestrian walkways

The LID option that best fits your site will depend what types

* Internal driveways

of source areas are present. Types of source areas include:

* Parking lots

* Active use area

 

* Passive use area

On park sites, pollution prevention is often associated with changes to operations and maintenance practices and has not been included in the table below.

* Pedestrian walkway

Options and implementation strategies for a few of these source areas will give you some ideas for your park site.

* Internal driveway

 

* Parking lot

On park sites, pollution prevention is often associated with

changes to operations and maintenance practices and has

not been included in Table 3.3.1. An aerial photo of a park

with each of these source areas accompanies Table 3.3.1.

Options and implementation strategies for a few of these

source areas will give you some ideas for your park site.

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|colspan="9" style="text-align: center;|'''[[LID Options for Parks]]'''

|colspan="9" style="text-align: center;|'''[[LID Options for Parks]]'''