Changes

==[[LID opportunities in parks]]== [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The bioretention area installed at O’Connor Park in Mississauga is part of a stormwater management system that treats parking lot runoff prior to discharging to a local wetland. (Source: CVC)]]

==LID opportunities in parks==

[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The bioretention area installed at O’Connor Park in Mississauga is part of a stormwater management system that treats parking lot runoff prior to discharging to a local wetland. (Source: CVC)]]

Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking, sidewalks, trails, sports fields, field houses, operations facilities, and washrooms. Each distinct area of your site can be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). These areas should be targeted when introducing LID in your park.

Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking, sidewalks, trails, sports fields, field houses, operations facilities, and washrooms. Each distinct area of your site can be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). These areas should be targeted when introducing LID in your park.

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|colspan="9" style="text-align: center;|'''[[LID Options for Parks]]'''

|+LID Options for Parks

|-

|-

|style="background:cyan; color:black"| Source area ||style="background:cyan; color:black"|  Permeable pavement || style="background:cyan; color:black"| Bioretention || style="background:cyan; color:black"| Enhanced grassed swales || style="background:cyan; color:black"| Bioswales ||style="background:cyan; color:black"|  Soakaways and infiltration chambers ||style="background:cyan; color:black"|  Perforated pipe system || style="background:cyan; color:black"| Landscape alternatives ||style="background:cyan; color:black"|  Prefabricated modules

!Source area

![[Permeable paving]]

![[Bioretention]]

![[Enhanced grassed swales]]

![[Bioswales]]

![[Soakaways]] and [[infiltration chambers]]

!Landscape alternatives

!Prefabricated modules

|-

|-

| Active use area ||style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|* ||style="text-align: center;| o ||style="text-align: center;| o

| Active use area ||style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|* ||style="text-align: center;| o ||style="text-align: center;| o

[[File:Example6.jpg|center]]

[[File:Example6.jpg|center]]

The scale of your LID project will largely determine how you

will proceed. This guide provides two tiers of LID park retrofit

The scale of your LID project will largely determine how you will proceed. This guide provides two tiers of LID park retrofit projects. You can usually complete small-scale LID projects with in-house expertise and resources. Large-scale projects will require external support from consultants and contractors.

projects. You can usually complete small-scale LID projects

with in-house expertise and resources. Large-scale projects

will require external support from consultants and contractors.

'''<h4>Small-scale projects</h4>''' [[File:Example4.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|A no-mow zone is a landscape alternative that

===Small-scale projects===

does not require construction activities. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]

[[File:Example4.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|A no-mow zone is a landscape alternative that does not require construction activities. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]

Starting with small-scale projects is a good strategy to

 

increase public interest in LID practices, gauge municipal

Starting with small-scale projects is a good strategy to increase public interest in LID practices, gauge municipal support, and gain experience. Small-scale projects include retrofitting your parks site with landscape alternatives or [[rain barrels]], or using pollution prevention strategies and practices.

support, and gain experience. Small-scale projects include

 

retrofitting your parks site with landscape alternatives or rain

Small-scale projects require fewer resources and a smaller project budget because:

barrels, or using pollution prevention strategies and practices.<br>

Small-scale projects require fewer resources and require a

smaller project budget because:

* They do not require integration into capital works projects

* They do not require integration into capital works projects

* Engineering consultants are not required

* Engineering consultants are not required

* External approvals are not required

* External approvals are not required

* Consultation with the public is limited

* Consultation with the public is limited

Due to the less significant financial commitment, it can be

 

easier to build colleague and supervisor support for small-scale

Due to the less significant financial commitment, it can be easier to build colleague and supervisor support for small-scale projects. Small-scale projects like landscape alternatives and pollution prevention may not be easily identified as LID practices by the public. Your project team should consider establishing educational signage to inform the public.

projects.<br>

 

Small-scale projects like landscape alternatives and pollution

===Large-scale projects===

prevention may not be easily identified as LID practices by

Large-scale projects require significantly more effort, budget, and staff than small-scale projects. Large-scale LID projects

the public. Your project team should consider establishing

educational signage to inform the public.<br>

'''<h4>Large-scale projects</h4>'''

Large-scale projects require significantly more effort, budget,

and staff than small-scale projects. Large-scale LID projects

include:

include:

* Bioretention

* Bioretention

* Soakaways

* Soakaways

* Infiltration chambers

* Infiltration chambers

* Rainwater harvesting (excluding rain barrels)

* [[Rainwater harvesting]]

* Prefabricated modules <br>

* Prefabricated modules

Consider a large-scale project if your municipality or

 

department would like to be a leader in sustainability. Largescale

Consider a large-scale project if your municipality or department would like to be a leader in sustainability. Large scale projects are often highly visible and attract more public attention. Large-scale projects may also be the only solution to site-specific challenges. For example, if the parking lot on your site does not have existing stormwater controls, small-scale projects are not likely to fully achieve compliance with water quality and quantity objectives. Consider using an infiltration chamber or bioswale project to meet those objectives.

projects are often highly visible and attract more public

attention. Large-scale projects may also be the only solution to

site-specific challenges. For example, if the parking lot on your

site does not have existing stormwater controls, small-scale

projects are not likely to fully achieve compliance with water

quality and quantity objectives. Consider using an infiltration

chamber or bioswale project to meet those objectives.

   

   

Before starting a large-scale retrofit project, consider the

Before starting a large-scale retrofit project, consider the following distinctions that set these retrofits apart from small-scale projects.

following distinctions that set these retrofits apart from small-scale projects.<br>

====Integration with capital works programs====

'''<h4>Integration with capital works programs</h4>'''

Most large-scale LID retrofits must function with existing site infrastructure, such as storm sewers, catch basins, and pavement systems. The construction of large-scale

Most large-scale LID retrofits must function with existing

LID practices often requires these systems to be removed, exposed, or replaced. The best time for this type of project to occur is when an infrastructure replacement or rehabilitation project is already planned. For example, installing bioretention, infiltration chambers, or permeable pavement in a parking lot requires removal of existing pavement. Budget and resources set aside for parking lot replacement could be transferred to a retrofit project that includes replacement of this infrastructure.

site infrastructure, such as storm sewers, catch basins,

 

and pavement systems. The construction of large-scale

====Involvement of consultants and contractors====

LID practices often requires these systems to be removed,

Consultants are required for large-scale retrofit projects, specifically for the final screening of options, pre-design, detailed design, tender and contract documents, construction supervision and administration, and assumption and verification. Site contractors are also required for large-scale LID retrofits.

exposed, or replaced. The best time for this type of project to

 

occur is when an infrastructure replacement or rehabilitation

Ideally, contractors should be pre-qualified based on previous experience with similar LID projects.

project is already planned.

 

For example, installing bioretention, infiltration chambers,

====More intensive public consultation====

or permeable pavement in a parking lot requires removal of

[[File:Example5.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|When installing new parks equipment, consider whether the LID practices can be integrated into the design. Here a

existing pavement. Budget and resources set aside for parking lot replacement could be transferred to a retrofit project that

includes replacement of this infrastructure.<br>

'''<h4>Involvement of consultants and contractors</h4>'''

Consultants are required for large-scale retrofit projects,

specifically for the final screening of options, pre-design,

detailed design, tender and contract documents, construction

supervision and administration, and assumption and

verification. Site contractors are also required for large-scale LID retrofits.

Ideally, contractors should be pre-qualified based on previous

experience with similar LID projects.

'''<h4>More intensive public consultation</h4>'''

concerns and values. [[File:Example5.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|When installing new parks equipment, consider whether the LID practices can be integrated into the design. Here a

bioswale has been built into the landscape between a playground and sidewalk. (Source: CVC)]]

bioswale has been built into the landscape between a playground and sidewalk. (Source: CVC)]]

'''<h4>External approvals</h4>'''

Large-scale park retrofits may require a variety of approvals

at the municipal, watershed, provincial, and/or federal level.

 

Since LID is still relatively new, you may encounter policies

====External approvals====

or bylaws that present barriers to LID retrofit projects.

Large-scale park retrofits may require a variety of approvals at the municipal, watershed, provincial, and/or federal level. Since LID is still relatively new, you may encounter policies or bylaws that present barriers to LID retrofit projects. Alternatively, the municipality may have to enforce some policies and bylaws to facilitate the implementation of LID projects within parks.

Alternatively, the municipality may have to enforce some

policies and bylaws to facilitate the implementation of LID

projects within parks.

LID retrofit.