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→Places of worship
==Places of worship==
==Places of worship==
[[File:Landforms of a place of worship.JPG|thumb|Source areas within a typical place of worship]]
[[File:Landforms of a place of worship.JPG|thumb|Source areas within a typical place of worship]]
Each distinct area of your site can be a source for runoff
(referred to as a ‘source area’). One or more of these areas
should be targeted when introducing LID at your place of
worship.
===Targeting hard surfaces===
Hard surfaces such as parking lots are a great opportunity to
implement LID. Parking lots are the main source of runoff and
represent the most significant source of stormwater pollutants
coming from your site.
Parking lots at places of worship are typically busy only on
select days of the week when groups gather for prayer or
other community activities. Due to this intermittent schedule,
parking lots at these facilities are often rented for other
purposes during times of low usage. On sites where peak
demand does not approach the total capacity of the lot,
consider reducing the parking surface.
Retrofit options for these large parking lot areas include
permeable pavement, bioswales and bioretention areas.
A benefit of permeable pavement systems is that they often
have a longer lifespan than conventional infrastructure.
The freeze-thaw cycle of the Ontario climate is tough on
pavement. Frost heaving and slumping can cause cracks and
potholes because of the expansion and contraction of water.
The expected lifespan for conventional asphalt pavement
in a northern climate, such as Ontario, is approximately 15 to
20 years. A well-maintained porous asphalt system can last for
over 30 years, and permeable interlocking concrete pavers
can have a design life of 20 to 25 years or greater.
Using LID techniques to manage stormwater can also
eliminate or reduce the need for an on-site storm sewer
system. By eliminating piping, failure points in the pavement,
such as areas around catch basins and manholes, can be
eliminated. A design that does not use storm sewers also
negates the need to replace on-site piping, thereby saving
long-term infrastructure replacement costs.
Prefabricated modular infiltration chambers are gaining
acceptance because they are easy to integrate with parking
lot functions. These subsurface systems are typically installed
over a coarse granular reservoir to provide water storage and
allow infiltration into native soils. Infiltration chambers under
conventional asphalt systems work well on sites where parking
demand does not allow space for a stormwater feature.
===Landscaped areas===
Landscaped or lawn areas adjacent to the parking lot or
building present opportunities for implementation of LID
practices such as bioswales and bioretention areas. These
areas typically accept runoff from nearby hard surfaces and
provide water quality and water balance benefits.
===Roof options===
Rainwater harvesting systems can be simple or complex
depending on the architecture and roof drainage patterns of
your building. Many places of worship have peaked roofs with
piping to convey water from the rooftop. If your site is set up
this way, it can be easy to integrate harvesting systems into
the landscape surrounding your building.
Roof runoff can also be directed to soakaways located on
passive use areas around your building. Due to the relatively
good quality of this runoff, pre-treatment devices are not
required.
===Source Areas===
The LID option that best fits your site will depend what types
of source areas are present. Types of source areas include:
* Active use area
* Passive use area
* Pedestrian walkway
* Internal driveway
* Parking lot
On park sites, pollution prevention is often associated with
changes to operations and maintenance practices and has
not been included in Table 6.3.1. An aerial photo of a park
with each of these source areas accompanies Table 6.3.1.
Options and implementation strategies for a few of these
source areas will give you some ideas for your park site.
The scale
of your LID retrofit project will largely determine how you will
proceed. You can usually complete
small-scale LID projects with in-house expertise and
resources. Large-scale projects will require external support
from consultants and contractors.
===Small-scale projects===
Starting with small-scale projects is a good strategy to
increase interest within your community, determine if
support is available from stakeholder groups and gain retrofit
experience. Small-scale projects include retrofitting your
property with landscape alternatives, rain barrels or using
pollution prevention strategies and practices.
Small-scale projects require few resources and a
small project budget because:
* They do not require integration into capital works projects
* Engineering consultants are not required
* Contractors are not required
* External approvals are not required
* Consultation with the public is limited
Due to the less significant financial commitment, it can be
easier to build the case for support for small-scale projects.
A successful small-scale LID retrofit project on your property
is a good indication that you are ready to take on a more
intensive retrofit project. You now know the resources that Large-scale projects
Large-scale projects require significantly more effort, budget,
and staff than small-scale projects. Large-scale LID retrofits
include:
* Bioretention
* Enhanced grass swales
* Bioswales
* Perforated pipe systems
* Permeable pavement
* Soakaways
* Infiltration chambers
* Rainwater harvesting (excluding rain barrels)
* Prefabricated modules
* Green roofs
Consider a large-scale project if your place of worship is
striving to be a community leader in sustainability. Large-scale
projects are often highly visible and attract more public
attention. They may also be the only solution
to site-specific challenges, like poor drainage. Before starting
a large-scale retrofit project consider the distinctions that set
these retrofits apart from small-scale projects.
===Integration with long-term infrastructure replacement and rehabilitation plans===
Most large-scale LID retrofits must function with existing
site infrastructure, such as storm sewers, catch basins,
and pavement systems. The construction of large-scale
LID practices often requires these systems to be removed,
exposed, or replaced. The best time for this type of project is when an infrastructure replacement or rehabilitation
project is already planned.
Maintenance programs and budgets that take into consideration
the expected life cycle of critical site components, including
parking lot and roofs, are valuable resources for large-scale
projects. If the replacement of these features is forecasted in
your site budget well in advance, asses if it is advantageous
to incorporate LID retrofits into these projects. Remember,
sharing construction materials, construction equipment, staff
resources, and time will reduce the budget for your retrofit.
For example, installing bioretention, infiltration chambers,
or permeable pavement in a parking lot will require the
existing pavement to be removed. Budget and resources that
have been set aside for a parking lot replacement could be
transferred to the LID retrofit project.
===Involvement of consultants and contractors===
Consultants are required for large-scale retrofit projects,
specifically for the final screening of options, pre-design,
detailed design, tender and contract documents, construction
supervision and administration, and assumption and
verification.
Site contractors are also required for large-scale LID retrofits.
Contractors should be pre-qualified based on previous
experience with similar LID projects.
External approvals
Large-scale retrofits may require a variety of approvals at the
municipal, watershed, provincial, and/or federal level.
Since LID is still relatively new, you may encounter policies
or bylaws that present barriers to LID retrofit projects.
Alternatively, the municipality may have to amend or enforce
some policies and bylaws to facilitate the implementation of
LID projects on your site.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|style="text-align: left;" |Building || * || * || * || ** || ** || * || ** || o || o || *
|style="text-align: left;" |Building || * || * || * || ** || ** || * || ** || o || o || *
|}
|}
===stuff to maybe integrate into the above===
'''Figure 6.3.1: When considering any parking lot retrofit, first determine if the parking spaces provided are consistent with the'''
demand. In place of worship, the demand will fluctuate. (Source: CVC)
'''Did you know that green roofs can help'''
reduce your heating and cooling costs?
These systems absorb heat and act as
insulators for buildings. It has been estimated
that a 3,000 m2 green roof on a one story
building in Toronto could reduce the cost of
cooling a building in the summer by 6% and
the cost of heating a building by 10% in the
winter23.
[[Category: Planning]]
[[Category: Planning]]