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Line 38: ===Pond block===There are several opportunities to mitigate thermal impacts both within the pond itself and/or implemented within the upstream drainage area (and the lands surrounding) of the pond. Options shown in past studies to provide appreciable thermal mitigation benefits include (Van Seters and Dougherty, 2019)====Subsurface Draw Outlets====A reverse sloped outlet pipe drains cooler water from below the pond surface to a control manhole that is accessible from the bank for ease of maintenance. Deeper [[outlets]] result in cooler outflows than shallow outlets because pond water temperatures decrease with depth. The figure below shows an example of thermal stratification during the summer in a deep pond using said subsurface outlets.[[File:Subsurface draw outlet.PNG|500px|thumb|Schematic of a reverse sloped subsurface draw outlet to help ensure cooler outflows occur from stormwater ponds (MOE, 2003).<ref>Ministry of the Environment. 2003. Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual. March, 2003. ISBN 0-7794-2969-9. PIBS 4329e. https://dr6j45jk9xcmk.cloudfront.net/documents/1757/195-stormwater-planning-and-design-en.pdf</ref>]]
→Upstream of the Pond
[[File:Thermal load reduction LID.PNG|500px|thumb|center|Thermal load reductions for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters, ''et al.'' 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., Graham, C., Dougherty, J., Jacob-Okor, C., and David, Y. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]<br>
[[File:Thermal load reduction LID.PNG|500px|thumb|center|Thermal load reductions for common LID practices. Source: (Van Seters, ''et al.'' 2019).<ref>Van Seters, T., Graham, C., Dougherty, J., Jacob-Okor, C., and David, Y. 2019. Data Synthesis and Design Considerations for Stormwater Thermal Mitigation Measures. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/04/Thermal-Synthesis-Final.pdf</ref>]]<br>
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==Within the Pond Block==
==Within the Pond Block==