Changes

Geothermal Cooling works best with subsurface draw outlets (1.2 m or deeper) that provide cooling of the higher flows and would be less expensive than installing additional boreholes (at least in new builds).  When sized appropriately, geothermal systems can shave a few degrees off of the average pond outflow temperature.

Geothermal Cooling works best with subsurface draw outlets (1.2 m or deeper) that provide cooling of the higher flows and would be less expensive than installing additional boreholes (at least in new builds).  When sized appropriately, geothermal systems can shave a few degrees off of the average pond outflow temperature.

==Other Options==

===Other Options===

Vegetated channels installed downstream of pond outlets can help to reduce temperatures through shading, although typically a long channel is needed to have an appreciable benefit on temperatures.   

Vegetated channels installed downstream of pond outlets can help to reduce temperatures through shading, although typically a long channel is needed to have an appreciable benefit on temperatures.   

Ponds with large length to width ratios, oriented east-west with shading on the south side can also provide shading, although it will take several years for the shade to become established.

Ponds with large length to width ratios, oriented east-west with shading on the south side can also provide shading, although it will take several years for the shade to become established.

===Shade balls===

====Shade balls====

[[File:Shade balls brampton.jpg|thumb|500px|White shade balls were used to cover this pond as part of a thermal mitigation pilot project in the City of Brampton. Photo Source: TRCA, 2020<ref>Rocha, L., and VanSeters, T.2020. Evaluation of shade balls for mitigating summer heating of stormwater management ponds. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Vaughan, Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/thermal-mitigation/evaluation-shade-balls-mitigating-summer-heating-stormwater-management-ponds/</ref>]]

[[File:Shade balls brampton.jpg|thumb|500px|White shade balls were used to cover this pond as part of a thermal mitigation pilot project in the City of Brampton. Photo Source: TRCA, 2020<ref>Rocha, L., and VanSeters, T.2020. Evaluation of shade balls for mitigating summer heating of stormwater management ponds. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Vaughan, Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/thermal-mitigation/evaluation-shade-balls-mitigating-summer-heating-stormwater-management-ponds/</ref>]]