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[[File:Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) (6236874620).png|thumb|450px|A study by researchers at Yale and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, in NY found the interactive effects of road salt on wood frog species' sex ratios and sexual size dimorphism. Over a series of experiments conducted, the authors of the paper in the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences discovered that the number of females within the studied population of tadpoles decreased by ~10% when exposed to road salt. These findings suggest road salt may have a 'masculizing effect' on various amphibian species.<ref>Lambert, M.R., Stoler, A.B., Smylie, M.S., Relyea, R.A. and Skelly, D.K. 2017. Interactive effects of road salt and leaf litter on wood frog sex ratios and sexual size dimorphism. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 74(2), pp.141-146. https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/74970/1/cjfas-2016-0324.pdf</ref>]]
→Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life
===Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life===
===Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life===
The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) developed chloride toxicity thresholds for protection of aquatic in 2011 (Check this date) based on a comprehensive scientific review (provide link), as follows:
The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) developed chloride toxicity thresholds for protection of aquatic in 2011 based on a comprehensive scientific review (provide link), as follows:
Chronic toxicity (long duration exposure): 120 mg/L
'''''Chronic toxicity''''' (long duration exposure): 120 mg/L
Acute toxicity (short duration exposure): 640 mg/L
'''''Acute toxicity''''' (short duration exposure): 640 mg/L
The [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2014/05/CWQG_chlorides.pdf Chloride - Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life]<ref>Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. 2011. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Chloride. In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 1999, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2014/05/CWQG_chlorides.pdf</ref> document from the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) is another valuable paper that discusses the direct toxic effects of chloride, based on studies using NaCl and CaCl<sup>2</sup> salts. The guideline can be used as a screening and management tool to ensure that chloride does not lead to the degradation of the aquatic environment. Further guidance on the application of these guidelines is provided in the scientific criteria document (CCME 2011), which can be found here - [https://www.ccme.ca/fr/res/2011-chloride-ceqg-scd-1460-en.pdf Scientific Criteria Document - Cl Ion]. Both documents developed chloride toxicity thresholds for protection of aquatic in 2011 based on a comprehensive scientific review.
The [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2014/05/CWQG_chlorides.pdf Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life]<ref>Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. 2011. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Chloride. In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 1999, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2014/05/CWQG_chlorides.pdf</ref> document from the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) is another valuable paper that discusses the direct toxic effects of chloride, based on studies using NaCl and CaCl<sup>2</sup> salts. The guideline can be used as a screening and management tool to ensure that chloride does not lead to the degradation of the aquatic environment. Further guidance on the application of these guidelines is provided in the scientific criteria document (CCME 2011), which can be found here - [https://www.ccme.ca/fr/res/2011-chloride-ceqg-scd-1460-en.pdf Scientific Criteria Document - Cl Ion]. Both documents developed chloride toxicity thresholds for protection of aquatic in 2011 based on a comprehensive scientific review.
*'''Chronic toxicity''' (long duration exposure): 120 mg/L
*'''Chronic toxicity''' (long duration exposure): 120 mg/L
*'''Acute toxicity''' (short duration exposure): 640 mg/L
*'''Acute toxicity''' (short duration exposure): 640 mg/L
===Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines===
===Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines===