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Line 128: The finish grading process is another critical handoff moment as a number of elements such as curbs, sidewalks, soils and vegetation start to come together to create the functional and aesthetic value of a site. The same supervision and communication that was put into controlling ESC in earlier stages is also required during finish grading. In many cases, more attention to detail is needed for elements in this phase that will create or not the success of the final product. Construction stepsSoil Media:*Backfill or sling material from outside of the LID facility at the lowest possible speed to avoid loss of component material.*Apply material in 150-300 mm lifts until the desired elevation and thickness, allowing for positive flow.*Wet material between lifts, allowing for drying before backfilling/slinging another lift. Key Inspection Points: Mistakes to avoid:
Riprap serves as a protective layer to: prevent sediment entering the underlying layers and clogging the LID facility, dissipate stormwater energy, and stabilize the terrain and slope. #Backfill the material from the outside of the LID facility to avoid compaction.#Ensure the material is being placed to the elevation and thickness to the design requirements. Key Inspection Points:*Arrival of material to the site: material meets specifications as per design, no debris in the aggregate and, if possible, washed or clean stone with little to no fine materials in it. *Placement: material is backfilled to the right depth and elevation. Common Mistakes to Avoid:*Use of wrong material that does not meet design specifications. If there are changes in the material, it must be approved by the supervisor or project manager.<br> <br> {{:riprap: Gallery}} [[File:OLF Rain Garden.jpg|thumb|right|CVC staff planting plant material at Our Lady of Fatima Catholic School in Brampton, Ontario.]]A healthy and vibrant vegetation structure provides itself with nutrients to sustain growth. Additionally, it holds, and retains water and oxygen, and binds and degrades pollutants. When selecting plants, consider the following:*Native species need fewer inputs and are better adapted to local climate and soils.*Larger plant stock should be considered and prioritized in areas of frequent ponding and concentrated flows.*Trees, shrubs, grasses, sedges and/or rushes present unique benefits and limitations in LID facilities. For example, debris from trees/shrubs may block outlets, but their size and form of planting can provide superior establishment in challenging locations.*Planted plants in a moderately diverse cluster of plants are more easily maintained and more visually accepted and pleasing to the general public.*A planting plan should include species that tolerate harsh conditions (e.g., drought, water inundation and/or salt). Most riparian plant species will do well in rain gardens, bioswales and bioretention facilities.<br> [[File:IMG_20210512_094405.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Tree guards used at Haggert Ave bioswale in Brampton, Ontario.]]During installation:*Time of planting: It is crucial for plant survival and thriving, avoid at all times planting during summer months with higher temperatures (July and August) and winter months (November - March). Consider planting early in the spring (April - June) or late in the fall (September - October).*Planting depth: Plant each plug/tree or shrub to the desired depth as per design considerations. For small plants, it is recommended to use small tools such as a hand trowel.*Plant substitution: Any changes in the species delivered during construction must be accepted by the designer and/or supervision team before installing.*Trees/Shrubs protection: If any trees/shrubs need protection, ensure that they receive it by installing proper tree guards.*Irrigation: It is recommended for the plant material to receive additional watering right after planting if no rainfall event occurs. Also, plant material should be watered during the summer months or during drought periods for two years after planting.*Fertilizers: The use of these products is acceptable, as long as they are applied properly. *Pesticides: It is recommended to only use if needed.For more information regarding plant selection, refer to [[Plant lists]] and [[Plant selection]].
Wood mulch provides numerous functions to a bioretention practice including reducing soil erosion, filtration, protecting underlying soils from compaction, retaining moisture, and minimizing volunteer weed establishment. Communicate to contractor how to install and the mulch type in the plans and or specifications with notes, details, spot elevations, and other special features needed as per designed. Equipment recommended for this task can be:*Automated: Mulch blowers.*Manual: Shovels, buckets, level rakes.<br> During installation:<br> *Ensure that mulch depth should be no greater than 75 mm to maintain oxygen supply to underlying soils. *Ensure that the top of the mulch meets the finish elevation as per design.<br> <gallery mode="packed" widths=350px heights=350px>Spot8 p2 20190820.JPG|Machinery placing mulch in a rain garden at Glendale Public School in Brampton, ON. Read about the Design and Build Overview in this [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/09/CVC-Glendale-Rain-Garden-Case-Study.pdf case study].ERI 2.jpg|Mulch layer as the final grade in the Haggert Ave bioswale project in Brampton, ON.IMG 0098-1.jpg|Elevation problem with the mulch close to the end of this rain garden at Mineola P.S. This elevation is not allowing runoff to fully enter the rain garden and causing ponding in this low spot.</gallery> [[Category:Gallery]] [[File:IMG 0852-1.JPG|150px|thumb|right|Natural lawn grass installed to stabilize the contributing drainage area at the Glendale P.S. rain garden in Brampton, Ontario.]]Similar to the plant material verification and installation task shown above, any planting required to stabilize the contributing drainage area will need to meet the specifications and considerations shown above.<br> Additionally, if turf/grass is required to stabilize the contributing drainage area, installation should be done as per the grower/nursery’s specifications and standards.
→Finishing Grades: Inlet, Outlet, Biomedia, Plants (SPC)
===Finishing Grades: Inlet, Outlet, Biomedia, Plants (SPC)===
===Finishing Grades: Inlet, Outlet, Biomedia, Plants (SPC)===
'''Finish Grading'''<br>
'''Finish Grading'''<br>
{{:Construction: finish grading}}
'''Large Stone and Riprap'''<br>
'''Large Stone and Riprap'''<br>
{{:Construction: large stone and riprap}}
Construction Steps:
'''Plant Material Verification and Installation'''<br>
'''Plant Material Verification and Installation'''<br>
{{:Construction: plant material verification and installation}}
'''Mulch Placement'''<br>
'''Mulch Placement'''<br>
{{:Construction: mulch placement}}
'''Stabilizing Contributing Drainage Area - Planting Adjacent Vegetation'''<br>
'''Stabilizing Contributing Drainage Area - Planting Adjacent Vegetation'''<br>
{{:Construction: stabilizing contributing drainage area}}
===Finishing Grades: Inlet, Outlet, Biomedia, Plants (JC)===
===Finishing Grades: Inlet, Outlet, Biomedia, Plants (JC)===