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Created page with "The following calculation is used to size the stone storage bed (reservoir) used as a base course for designs without underdrains. It is assumed that the footprint of the ston..."
The following calculation is used to size the stone storage bed (reservoir) used as a base course for designs without underdrains. It is assumed that the footprint of the stone bed will be equal to the footprint of the pavement. The following equations are taken from the ICPI Manual <ref>Smith, D. 2006. Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements; Selection, Design,
Construction, Maintenance. 3rd Edition. Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute.
Burlington, ON.</ref>
The equation for the depth of the stone bed is as follows:
<math>db= [Qc\times R + P - i\times T ] / V</math>
where:{{plainlist|}}
*''db'' = Stone bed depth (m)
*''Qc'' = Depth of runoff from contributing drainage area, not including permeable paving surface(m)
*''R'' = Ac/Ap = Ratio of contributing drainage area (Ac) to permeable paving area (Ap)
*''P'' = Rainfall depth (m)
*''i'' = Infiltration rate for native soils (m/day)
*''T'' = Time to fill stone bed (typically 2 hr)
*''Vr'' = Void ratio for stone bed (typically 0.4 for 50 mm dia. stone)
Note that the contributing drainage area (Ac) should not contain pervious areas.
For designs that include an underdrain, the maximum depth of the stone reservoir below the invert of the underdrain pipe can be calculated as follows:
<math>dr_{max} = [i \times ts] / Vr </math>
Where:
{{plainlist|}}
*''dr<sub>max'' = Maximum stone reservoir depth (m)
*''i'' = Infiltration rate for native soils (m/hr)
*''Vr'' = Void space ratio for aggregate used (typically 0.4 for 50 mm clear stone)
*''ts'' = Time to drain (design for 48 hour time to drain is recommended)
The value for native soil infiltration rate (i) used in the above equations should be the design infiltration rate that incorporates a safety correction factor based on the ratio of the mean value at the proposed bottom elevation of the practice to the mean value in the least permeable soil horizon within 1.5 metres of the proposed bottom elevation
On highly permeable soils (e.g., infiltration rate of 45 mm/hr or greater), a maximum stone reservoir depth of 2 metres is recommended to prevent soil compaction and loss of permeability from the mass of overlying stone and stored water.
If trying to size the area of permeable paving based on the contributing drainage area, the following equation may be used:
<math>Ap= [Qc \times Ac] / [Vr \times dp – P + i \times T] </math>
Construction, Maintenance. 3rd Edition. Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute.
Burlington, ON.</ref>
The equation for the depth of the stone bed is as follows:
<math>db= [Qc\times R + P - i\times T ] / V</math>
where:{{plainlist|}}
*''db'' = Stone bed depth (m)
*''Qc'' = Depth of runoff from contributing drainage area, not including permeable paving surface(m)
*''R'' = Ac/Ap = Ratio of contributing drainage area (Ac) to permeable paving area (Ap)
*''P'' = Rainfall depth (m)
*''i'' = Infiltration rate for native soils (m/day)
*''T'' = Time to fill stone bed (typically 2 hr)
*''Vr'' = Void ratio for stone bed (typically 0.4 for 50 mm dia. stone)
Note that the contributing drainage area (Ac) should not contain pervious areas.
For designs that include an underdrain, the maximum depth of the stone reservoir below the invert of the underdrain pipe can be calculated as follows:
<math>dr_{max} = [i \times ts] / Vr </math>
Where:
{{plainlist|}}
*''dr<sub>max'' = Maximum stone reservoir depth (m)
*''i'' = Infiltration rate for native soils (m/hr)
*''Vr'' = Void space ratio for aggregate used (typically 0.4 for 50 mm clear stone)
*''ts'' = Time to drain (design for 48 hour time to drain is recommended)
The value for native soil infiltration rate (i) used in the above equations should be the design infiltration rate that incorporates a safety correction factor based on the ratio of the mean value at the proposed bottom elevation of the practice to the mean value in the least permeable soil horizon within 1.5 metres of the proposed bottom elevation
On highly permeable soils (e.g., infiltration rate of 45 mm/hr or greater), a maximum stone reservoir depth of 2 metres is recommended to prevent soil compaction and loss of permeability from the mass of overlying stone and stored water.
If trying to size the area of permeable paving based on the contributing drainage area, the following equation may be used:
<math>Ap= [Qc \times Ac] / [Vr \times dp – P + i \times T] </math>