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| '''<h3>LID opportunities in parks</h3>''' | | '''<h3>LID opportunities in parks</h3>''' [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The bioretention area installed at O’Connor Park |
| | in Mississauga is part of a stormwater management system |
| | that treats parking lot runoff prior to discharging to a local |
| | wetland. (Source: CVC)]] |
| | |
| Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to | | Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to |
| complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking, | | complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking, |
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| be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). These | | be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). These |
| areas should be targeted when introducing LID in your park. | | areas should be targeted when introducing LID in your park. |
| | | <br><br> |
| '''<h4>Targeting hard surfaces</h4>''' | | '''<h4>Targeting hard surfaces</h4>''' |
| Hard surfaces like parking lots and internal driveways are the | | Hard surfaces like parking lots and internal driveways are the |
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| clean and more closely match the natural water balance. | | clean and more closely match the natural water balance. |
| On municipal park properties, hard surfaces are usually | | On municipal park properties, hard surfaces are usually |
| located adjacent to pervious areas such as lawns, gardens or naturalized areas. [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The bioretention area installed at O’Connor Park | | located adjacent to pervious areas such as lawns, gardens or naturalized areas. This makes an ideal location for a LID |
| in Mississauga is part of a stormwater management system
| |
| that treats parking lot runoff prior to discharging to a local
| |
| wetland. (Source: CVC)]]
| |
| This makes an ideal location for a LID | |
| retrofit. Where grading allows, you can construct bioswales | | retrofit. Where grading allows, you can construct bioswales |
| and bioretention areas in these green areas to pre-treat water | | and bioretention areas in these green areas to pre-treat water |
| prior to infiltration. | | prior to infiltration. |
|
| |
| You can also design parking surfaces and internal roadways | | You can also design parking surfaces and internal roadways |
| as infiltration systems using permeable pavement. This retrofit | | as infiltration systems using permeable pavement. This retrofit |
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| storm sewers. They encourage infiltration from hard surfaces | | storm sewers. They encourage infiltration from hard surfaces |
| and can be used to convey water to other LID features. | | and can be used to convey water to other LID features. |
| | <br> <br> |
| | '''<h4>Accepting drainage from off-site areas</h4>''' [[File:Example1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|Urban parkettes may look small, but they have |
| | the potential to treat a large surface area of road. Typical ratios |
| | of impervious drainage area to bioretention range from 5:1 to |
| | 15:1. (Source: CVC)]] |
|
| |
|
| '''<h4>Accepting drainage from off-site areas</h4>'''
| |
| Does municipally owned land drain into your retrofit site? If | | Does municipally owned land drain into your retrofit site? If |
| so, this is an opportunity to provide stormwater controls for | | so, this is an opportunity to provide stormwater controls for |
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| roads activities, including winter maintenance and potential | | roads activities, including winter maintenance and potential |
| roadwork, will affect the operation of LID practices in the park. | | roadwork, will affect the operation of LID practices in the park. |
| | | <br><br> |
| '''<h3>Inter-municipal transfer of funds</h3>''' | | '''<h3>Inter-municipal transfer of funds</h3>''' Integrating LID practices into the municipal stormwater |
| Integrating LID practices into the municipal stormwater | |
| management framework may change how municipal funds are | | management framework may change how municipal funds are |
| managed. Traditional stormwater management maintenance | | managed. Traditional stormwater management maintenance |
| resources and funds may have to be transferred to | | resources and funds may have to be transferred to a more landscape-based stormwater management maintenance program. Instead of infrequent but expensive stormwater management pond sediment removal operations, time and |
| [[File:Example1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|Urban parkettes may look small, but they have
| | resources will be spent on more frequent but inexpensive maintenance projects including pruning and weeding bioretention practices or sweeping permeable pavement. |
| the potential to treat a large surface area of road. Typical ratios
| | Municipalities generally have the required staff and infrastructure within departments (e.g. arborist and horticulturalists in parks departments) to manage the maintenance of LID measures; however, funding this maintenance may require a transfer of funding and additional |
| of impervious drainage area to bioretention range from 5:1 to
| | training. |
| 15:1. (Source: CVC)]]
| | The federal Gas Tax Fund (GTF) is another funding option for |
| a more landscape-based stormwater management maintenance | | funding LID retrofits. This is a federal transfer that provides |
| program. Instead of infrequent but expensive stormwater | | long term funding for municipalities to build and revitalize |
| management pond sediment removal operations, time and | | public infrastructure. Up to 30% of municipalities yearly GTF |
| resources will be spent on more frequent but inexpensive | | allotment can be used towards stormwater management. |
| maintenance projects including pruning and weeding | | <br><br> |
| bioretention practices or sweeping permeable pavement. | | |
| Municipalities generally have the required staff and | | '''<h3>Source Areas</h3>''' [[File:Example3.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The road surface (left) contributes significantly |
| infrastructure within departments (e.g. arborist and | | more stormwater pollutants than the parkland area (right). To |
| horticulturalists in parks departments) to manage the | | achieve maximum watershed benefit a designer could consider |
| maintenance of LID measures; however, funding this | | accepting runoff from this external area. (Source: CVC)]] |
| maintenance may require a transfer of funding and additional | | The LID option that best fits your site will depend what types |
| training. | | of source areas are present. Types of source areas include: |
| | • Active use area |
| | • Passive use area |
| | • Pedestrian walkway |
| | • Internal driveway |
| | • Parking lot |
| | On park sites, pollution prevention is often associated with |
| | changes to operations and maintenance practices and has |
| | not been included in Table 3.3.1. An aerial photo of a park |
| | with each of these source areas accompanies Table 3.3.1. |
| | Options and implementation strategies for a few of these |
| | source areas will give you some ideas for your park site. |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | |colspan="9" style="text-align: center;|'''[[LID Options for Parks]]''' |
| | |- |
| | | Source area || Permeable pavement || Bioretention || Enhanced grassed swales || Bioswales || Soakaways and infiltration chambers || Perforated pipe system || Landscape alternatives || Prefabricated modules |
| | |- |
| | | Active use area ||style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|* ||style="text-align: center;| o ||style="text-align: center;| o |
| | |- |
| | | Passive use area ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** |
| | |-style="text-align: center;| |
| | | Pedestrian walkway || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| * || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|o |
| | |- |
| | | Internal driveway || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|o ||style="text-align: center;| * |
| | |- |
| | | Parking lot ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|** |
| | |
| | |- |
| | !colspan="3" style="background:cyan; color:black"| '''** Common option''' |
| | !colspan="3" style="background: orange; color: black"|'''* Possible option''' |
| | !colspan="3" style="background: brown; color: white"|'''o Unlikely''' |
| | |} |