Changes

If the listed site features do not unanimously apply to your site, select the most appropriate category or use a combination of two or more categories to screen LID options. Please note that LID practices are scalable, so applying alternate LID practices to those identified for each land use group may be a possibility after detailed evaluation of [[Site conditions: Commercial, industrial, and multi-residential|site constraints]] (i.e. field testing conducted during pre-design). Choosing an appropriate LID practice can be an iterative process, as additional site information becomes available in the pre-design phase.

If the listed site features do not unanimously apply to your site, select the most appropriate category or use a combination of two or more categories to screen LID options. Please note that LID practices are scalable, so applying alternate LID practices to those identified for each land use group may be a possibility after detailed evaluation of [[Site conditions: Commercial, industrial, and multi-residential|site constraints]] (i.e. field testing conducted during pre-design). Choosing an appropriate LID practice can be an iterative process, as additional site information becomes available in the pre-design phase.

For each land use group, this section identifies source areas typically found on these sites and gives advice on which LID practices are usually the ideal choices. Source areas include parking lots, roofs, pedestrian walkways, common areas and landscape areas. The section also discusses LID retrofit opportunities and constraints accompanying these source areas and provides a table for each land use group identifying common, possible, and unlikely retrofit options.

For each land use group, this section identifies source areas typically found on these sites and gives advice on which LID practices are usually ideal for these types of property. Source areas include parking lots, roofs, pedestrian walkways, common areas and landscape areas. The section also discusses LID retrofit opportunities and constraints accompanying these source areas and provides a table for each land use group identifying common, possible, and unlikely retrofit options.

==High-rise and mid-rise sites==

==High-rise and mid-rise sites==

[[File:High_Rise_Mid_Rise_Options.png|thumb|LID options for high-rise and mid-rise sites]]

[[File:High_Rise_Mid_Rise_Options.png|thumb|LID options for high-rise and mid-rise sites]]

Mid- and high-rise sites (four storeys or more) share common features. These buildings are often for residential use and include apartments or condominiums. They may be operated by residential leasing companies or condominium associations. Many office buildings belong to this site category. Office

Mid- and high-rise sites (four storeys or more) share common features. These buildings are often for residential use and include apartments or condominiums. Leasing companies or condominium associations usually operate these buildings. Many office buildings belong to this site category. Office buildings may be operated by an independent site owner, but often commercial land management groups own and operate them.

buildings may be operated by an independent site owner, but they are often owned and operated by commercial land management groups.

Mid- and high-rise buildings have higher user occupancy densities than other sites and therefore require significant parking area. To conserve the site area, these parking areas are typically located underground. Mid- and high-rise buildings most commonly have flat roofs that drain internally to onsite storm sewer networks. These sites typically have common areas, but their size and function vary.

Mid- and high-rise buildings have higher user occupancy densities than other sites and therefore require significant parking area. To conserve the site area, these parking areas are typically located underground. Mid- and high-rise buildings most commonly have flat roofs that drain internally to onsite storm sewer networks. These sites typically have common areas, but their size and function vary.

===Common areas===

===Common areas===

Pedestrian and common areas are outdoor features that can be found on most mid- and high-rise sites. They provide access and egress to buildings and allow pedestrian movement around the property. Most mid- and high-rise buildings will have common areas at their entrance that can include garden features, planters and benches. On residential sites, common areas may include parks or parkettes, playgrounds, sports facilities, sidewalks, and pathways.

Pedestrian and common areas are outdoor features found on most mid- and high-rise sites. They provide access and egress to buildings and allow pedestrian movement around the property. Most mid- and high-rise buildings will have common areas at their entrance that can include garden features, planters and benches. On residential sites, common areas may include parks or parkettes, playgrounds, sports facilities, sidewalks, and pathways.

===Landscaped areas===

===Landscaped areas===

===Roof areas===

===Roof areas===

In most municipalities, the rooftops of mid- and high-rise buildings are not very visible. Developing LID practices on these surfaces will provide benefits but will be more difficult to promote. The exception is major urban centres where a significant number of high rises have been developed and sometimes look onto each other.

In many municipalities, the rooftops of mid- and high-rise buildings are not visible. Developing LID practices on these surfaces will provide benefits but will be more difficult to promote, since a benefit of green roofs is their aesthetic appeal. The exception is major urban centres where a significant number of high rises offer views of other buildings' roofs.

==Low-rise residential sites==

==Low-rise residential sites==

[[File:Low_Rise_Options.png|thumb|LID options for low-rise land use]]

[[File:Low_Rise_Options.png|thumb|LID options for low-rise land use]]

Low-rise residential sites include townhouses and apartment complexes that are fewer than four storeys. These sites can be operated by property management groups or by condominium boards. Common landform features of low-rise residential sites include small parking lots, and significant pedestrian and landscaped areas. Townhouses have peaked roofs with external drainage while low-rise apartment complexes have flat roofs with internal drainage.

Low-rise residential sites include townhouses and apartment complexes with fewer than four stories. Management groups or condominium boards usually operate these sites. Common landform features of low-rise residential sites include small parking lots, significant pedestrian walkways and landscaped areas. Townhouses have peaked roofs with external drainage, while low-rise apartment complexes have flat roofs with internal drainage.

===Landscaped areas===

===Landscaped areas===

Low-rise residential sites typically have significant landscaped areas. On townhouse sites landscaped areas tend to be spread across the complex as gardens, parking islands, and strips of lawn. Park or community green spaces areas may also be present on these sites. Due to lot grading, it may not be practical to convey road and parking lot runoff to landscaped areas to the building’s perimeter. These areas can, however, be retrofitted to provide water balance benefits by infiltrating roof runoff via bioretention, soakaways, or bioswales.

Low-rise residential sites typically have significant landscaped areas. On townhouse sites landscaped areas tend to be spread across the complex as gardens, parking islands, and strips of lawn. Park or community green spaces areas may also be present on these sites. Due to lot grading, it may not be practical to convey road and parking lot runoff to landscaped areas to the building’s perimeter. These areas can, however, be retrofitted to provide water balance benefits by infiltrating roof runoff via bioretention, soakaways, or bioswales.

On sites with larger green spaces LID practices that accept runoff from more substantial catchment areas will likely be feasible. Parks can be retrofitted with most LID options. Subsurface LID options like infiltration chambers can be used without sacrificing park function, while highly visible practices like bioswales or bioretention enhance the aesthetic value.

On sites with larger green spaces, LID practices for accepting runoff from more substantial catchment areas will likely be feasible. Parks can also be retrofitted with most LID options. Using subsurface LID options, like [[infiltration chambers]], won't sacrifice park function, while highly visible practices like bioswales or bioretention enhance their aesthetic value.

===Parking areas===

===Parking areas===