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===Regulatory Compliance===The objectives, technologies, and standard practicesassociated with stormwater management are constantlyevolving. It is unlikely that the stormwater managementpractices on your site meet modern industry standards.When you are making changes to your site, it is important tostay ahead of the regulations. Your school may not be requiredto improve on-site stormwater management infrastructure,but those retrofits can be beneficial and save money and timeover the long term. Consider both current and future waterregulations which may affect your property. Consulting withyour municipality will help you determine if LID retrofits canreduce taxes or prevent costly upgrades required at a laterdate.• Active use area• Passive use area• Pedestrian walkway• Internal driveway• Parking lotAn aerial photo of a school property with each of these sourceareas accompanies Table 5.3.1. Options and implementationstrategies for a few of these source areas will give you someideas for your site.This guide provides two tiers of LID retrofit projects The scaleof your LID retrofit project will largely determine how you willproceed with the retrofit process. You can usually completesmall-scale LID projects with in-school expertise andresources. Large-scale projects will require external supportfrom consultants and contractors.It is often difficult to ask students or teachersto maintain LID practices during the summerbreak. Include summer operations staff time inyour budget during the planning process.===Small-scale projects===[[File:Fletchers Creek Senior School - planting - 2013.jpg|thumb|right|A student helps with planting at Fletchers Creek Senior School. Small-scale LID projects are a great way to engage with young children. Source: CVC]]Starting with small-scale projects is a good strategy toincrease interest within your school, determine what supportis available from stakeholder groups (parent council, schoolboard, administration and operations) and gain retrofitexperience. Small-scale projects include retrofitting yourschool property with landscape alternatives or rain barrels, orusing pollution prevention strategies and practices.Small-scale projects require fewer resources and require asmaller project budget because:• They do not require integration into long-terminfrastructure replacement and rehabilitation plans• Engineering consultants are not required• Contractors may not be required• External approvals are not required• Consultation with the public is limitedDue to the smaller financial commitment, it can be easierto build colleague and school board support for small-scaleprojects.A successful small-scale LID retrofit project on your schoolproperty can be a good indication that you are ready to take ona more intensive retrofit project. You now know the resourcesthat are available and understand the internal municipalprocesses required to move a LID project from planning tofinished product. ===Large-scale projects===Large-scale projects require significantly more effort, budget,and staff than small-scale projects. Large-scale LID retrofitsinclude: * Bioretention* Enhanced grass swales* Bioswales* Perforated pipe systems* Permeable pavement* Soakaways* Infiltration chambers* Rainwater harvesting (excluding rain barrels)* Prefabricated modules* Green roofs Consider a large-scale project if your school board is strivingto be a leader in sustainability. Large-scale projects are oftenhighly visible and attract more public attention. They may alsobe the only solution to site-specific challenges. For example, ifthe parking lot of your site does not have existing stormwater controls, small-scale projects are unlikely to fully achievecompliance with water quality and water quantity objectives.Instead, use a large-scale project like an infiltration chamberor bioswale.Before starting a large-scale retrofit project, consider thefollowing distinctions that set these retrofits apart from small-scaleprojects.
===Integration with long-term infrastructure replacement and rehabilitation plans===Most large-scale LID retrofits must function with existingsite infrastructure, such as storm sewers, catch basins,and pavement systems. The construction of large-scaleLID practices often requires these systems to be removed,exposed, or replaced. The best time for this type of project tooccur is when an infrastructure replacement or rehabilitationproject is already planned.Like other large public sites, schools typically have maintenanceprograms that take into consideration the expected life cycleof critical site components, including parking lots and roofs.To save construction costs, incorporate LID retrofits intothese projects and share construction material, constructionequipment, staff resources, and time.For example, installing bioretention, infiltration chambers,or permeable pavement in a parking lot will require theexisting pavement to be removed. Budget and resources thathave been set aside for a parking lot replacement could betransferred to a retrofit project. ===Involvement of consultants and contractors===Consultants are required for large-scale retrofit projects,specifically for the final screening of options, pre-design,detailed design, tender and contract documents, constructionsupervision and administration, and assumption andverification. The consultant selection process is described inChapter 7.Site contractors are also required for large-scale LID retrofits.Contractors should be pre-qualified based on previousexperience with similar LID projects.Remember, the contractor with the lowest biddoes not necessarily deliver the best product.Refer to Chapter 7 for tips on how to select theright contractor for your project.===More intensive public consultation===Stakeholders must be closely involved in the retrofit processfor large-scale LID projects. These projects have longerconstruction windows, larger costs, and will more significantlyaffect the use patterns of the property. Large-scale projectsinspections, operations, and maintenance to achievecontinued success. All stakeholder groups must be aware ofthe long-term project needs before implementation.===External approvals===Large-scale retrofits may require a variety of approvals at themunicipal, watershed, provincial, and/or federal level.Since LID is still relatively new, you may encounter policies orbylaws that present barriers to LID retrofit projects. Conduct areview of relevant municipal and school board policies prior toimplementing a large-scale retrofit. School board policies mayrequire amendments to move forward.===Next Steps===After reading this section you should know how to select theright LID practice for your site. You should also be familiarLID retrofit.For further guidance on implementing and constructing LIDpractices, '''please refer to Chapters 7-9.''' These chaptersprovides the next steps for you to implement your LID project,including building the project team, creating a design,getting approvals, construction, certification and guidance onoperations and maintenance of LID practices.
→Schools
(referred to as a ‘source area’). These areas should be
(referred to as a ‘source area’). These areas should be
targeted when introducing LID at your school.
targeted when introducing LID at your school.
===Targeting hard surfaces===
===Targeting hard surfaces===
Parking areas represent the most significant source of
Parking areas represent the most significant source of
pollutant loading from school sites and contribute significantly
pollutant loading from school sites and contribute significantly
implement bioswales or bioretention areas. Perforated pipe
implement bioswales or bioretention areas. Perforated pipe
systems may also work in areas adjacent to parking lots.
systems may also work in areas adjacent to parking lots.
===Roof options===
===Roof options===
Schools typically have large flat roofs that produce a significant
Schools typically have large flat roofs that produce a significant
amount of runoff that is drained internally via rain leaders.
amount of runoff that is drained internally via rain leaders.
providing insulation during the winter and evaporative cooling
providing insulation during the winter and evaporative cooling
during the summer.
during the summer.
===Pollution prevention (P2)===
===Pollution prevention (P2)===
On school sites, [[Pollution prevention|P2 strategies and practices]], such as modifying
On school sites, [[Pollution prevention|P2 strategies and practices]], such as modifying
de-icing programs and isolating drainage from waste storage
de-icing programs and isolating drainage from waste storage
===School board partnerships with municipalities===
===School board partnerships with municipalities===
LID practices located on school grounds can also be used to
LID practices located on school grounds can also be used to
treat stormwater from external properties. These partnership
treat stormwater from external properties. These partnership
Accepting and treating runoff on your existing property can
Accepting and treating runoff on your existing property can
make funds available through:
make funds available through:
* Contributions to capital projects like parking lot rehabilitations which include rain gardens, permeable
rehabilitations which include rain gardens, permeable
pavements, or subsurface infiltration facilities
pavements, or subsurface infiltration facilities
* Ongoing revenues from long-term land leases to accommodate surface or subsurface LID retrofits
accommodate surface or subsurface LID retrofits
* Funds for maintenance of on-site LIDs
The table below identifies the LID practices that are common,
The table below identifies the LID practices that are common,
possible and unlikely options for the source areas that you
possible and unlikely options for the source areas that you
are likely to find on your school site. These source areas are:
are likely to find on your school site. These source areas are:
* Active use area
* Passive use area
* Pedestrian walkway
* Internal driveway
* Parking lot
[[File:Landforms of a school.JPG|thumb|Source areas within a typical school site.]]
[[File:Landforms of a school.JPG|thumb|Source areas within a typical school site.]]
See the landforms of a school picture on the right for information on how to target these areas. The table below gives a more detailed breakdown of LID options for different source areas.
[[File:Fletchers Creek Senior School - planting - 2013.jpg|thumb|right|A student helps with planting at Fletchers Creek Senior School. Small-scale LID projects are a great way to engage with young children. Source: CVC]]
are also more complex systems that require continued
with the details you need to consider before undertaking an
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"