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*soil wetness (positive effect), and
*soil wetness (positive effect), and
*leaf charactersitics e.g. leaf area index, stomatal density (positive effect).
*leaf charactersitics e.g. leaf area index, stomatal density (positive effect).
Rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration is reducing transpiration rates. In the short term this is attributed to stomata remaining partially closed whilst still permitting gas exchange<ref>
Rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration is reducing transpiration rates. In the short term this is attributed to stomata remaining partially closed whilst still permitting gas exchange<ref>
Engineer, Cawas B. et al. CO<sub>2</sub> Sensing and CO<sub>2</sub> Regulation of Stomatal Conductance: Advances and Open Questions, Trends in Plant Science , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , 16 - 30 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2015.08.014</ref>, and in the longer term some plants are being found to have lower density of stomata<ref>E. I. Lammertsma, H. J. de Boer, S. C. Dekker, D. L. Dilcher, A. F. Lotter, F. Wagner-Cremer. Global CO2 rise leads to reduced maximum stomatal conductance in Florida vegetation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100371108</ref>.
Engineer, Cawas B. et al. CO<sub>2</sub> Sensing and CO<sub>2</sub> Regulation of Stomatal Conductance: Advances and Open Questions, Trends in Plant Science , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , 16 - 30 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2015.08.014</ref>, and in the longer term some plants are being found to have lower density of stomata<ref>E. I. Lammertsma, H. J. de Boer, S. C. Dekker, D. L. Dilcher, A. F. Lotter, F. Wagner-Cremer. Global CO2 rise leads to reduced maximum stomatal conductance in Florida vegetation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100371108</ref>.
Transpiration is typically able to remove water from deeper within the soil profile than evaporation. The depth will depend upon the plants root structure and depth, and its inherent transpiration rate.
Transpiration is typically able to remove water from deeper within the soil profile than evaporation. The depth will depend upon the plants root structure and depth, and its inherent transpiration rate.
{{textbox|LID practices which optimise transpiration include:
*[[tree cells]]
*[[stormwater planters]]
*[[green roofs]], when well irrigated from [[rainwater harvesting|harvested rainwater]]
*[[Bioretention]]}}
==Calculation==
==Calculation==
[[File: TRCA_water_balance_tool.PNG|thumb|In the Toronto Region, an interactive online tool has been developed to estimate localised precipitation and potential evapotranspiration conditions.|link=https://trca.ca/conservation/drinking-water-source-protection/trspa-water-balance-tool/]]
[[File: TRCA_water_balance_tool.PNG|thumb|In the Toronto Region, an interactive online tool has been developed to estimate localised precipitation and potential evapotranspiration conditions.|link=https://trca.ca/conservation/drinking-water-source-protection/trspa-water-balance-tool/]]