Changes

Whilst repetition is a key element used to achieve unity, it is important not to overuse this technique as the result can become monotonous. A landscape design that employs a variety of species in groupings that are repeated throughout a site assists in achieving unity and interest. In contrast, a design that uses just two or three species repeated throughout the entire LID practice may be monotonous.

Whilst repetition is a key element used to achieve unity, it is important not to overuse this technique as the result can become monotonous. A landscape design that employs a variety of species in groupings that are repeated throughout a site assists in achieving unity and interest. In contrast, a design that uses just two or three species repeated throughout the entire LID practice may be monotonous.

There is often one visually dominating item or component in a landscape design. Every other component in the design should then be subordinate to this single, dominating focal point. Properly selecting and setting this one focal point in a view should evoke a feeling of satisfaction and pleasure. <ref name=LO52>Landscape Design Manual, Landscape Ontario (2014) PAGE 52</ref>

There is often one visually dominating item or component in a landscape design. Every other component in the design should then be subordinate to this single, dominating focal point. Properly selecting and setting this one focal point in a view should evoke a feeling of satisfaction and pleasure. <ref name=LO52>Landscape Design Manual, Landscape Ontario (2014) Page 52</ref>

===Variety and Rhythm===

===Variety and Rhythm===

The subtle varying of contrast in line, form, texture or colour can attract attention to a design without inhibiting the overall unified appearance of the design, particularly if there is a smooth, gradual and progressive change in the design element. If applied sparingly, the result can be an increased attraction to the overall composition. <ref name=LO51>Landscape Design Manual, Landscape Ontario (2014) PAGE 51</ref>Moreover, the creation of sequence may be achieved by using gradation (e.g. the progressive changing of sizes of components or intensity of textures) or by using fixed repetition (i.e. the repeating of an element on a constant spacing) or by using alteration (i.e. the alternating of contrasting or graded colours and textures). When done successfully, the designer creates a sense of movement or flow through a design. <ref name=LO52/>

The subtle varying of contrast in line, form, texture or colour can attract attention to a design without inhibiting the overall unified appearance of the design, particularly if there is a smooth, gradual and progressive change in the design element. If applied sparingly, the result can be an increased attraction to the overall composition. <ref name=LO51>Landscape Design Manual, Landscape Ontario (2014) Page 51</ref>Moreover, the creation of sequence may be achieved by using gradation (e.g. the progressive changing of sizes of components or intensity of textures) or by using fixed repetition (i.e. the repeating of an element on a constant spacing) or by using alteration (i.e. the alternating of contrasting or graded colours and textures). When done successfully, the designer creates a sense of movement or flow through a design. <ref name=LO52/>

===Grouping/massing===

===Grouping/massing===

===Scale/proportion===

===Scale/proportion===

Scale and proportion simply refer to the size of the elements, objects and spaces of the landscape in relation to one another, to the LID site and to its surroundings. While there are no rules dictating how this principle is to be achieved, it is important to consider scale and proportion when designing. The relationship in size between components must b relative, or the result can be a lack of harmony in the design.<ref name=LO53>Landscape Design Manual, Landscape Ontario (2014) PAGE 53</ref>  For example, the placement of a large tree in a stormwater planter would be out of scale for this site condition, while the planting of an individual ornamental flower species may appear insignificant in a bioretention cell. Some plant materials may require management (thinning, pruning) in order to maintain the scale and proportion of the intended design over time.

Scale and proportion simply refer to the size of the elements, objects and spaces of the landscape in relation to one another, to the LID site and to its surroundings. While there are no rules dictating how this principle is to be achieved, it is important to consider scale and proportion when designing. The relationship in size between components must b relative, or the result can be a lack of harmony in the design.<ref name=LO53>Landscape Design Manual, Landscape Ontario (2014) Page 53</ref>  For example, the placement of a large tree in a stormwater planter would be out of scale for this site condition, while the planting of an individual ornamental flower species may appear insignificant in a bioretention cell. Some plant materials may require management (thinning, pruning) in order to maintain the scale and proportion of the intended design over time.

===Colour===

===Colour===

*<span style="color:black">black = serious </span>

*<span style="color:black">black = serious </span>

*<span style="color:black">white = pure </span><ref name=LO554-55>Landscape Design Manual, Landscape Ontario (2014) PAGE 55-55</ref>

*<span style="color:black">white = pure </span><ref name=LO554-55>Landscape Design Manual, Landscape Ontario (2014) Page 55-55</ref>

Colour can be used in developing unity, repetition and balance in a landscape design, and to direct the eye to a focal point, if desired.

Colour can be used in developing unity, repetition and balance in a landscape design, and to direct the eye to a focal point, if desired.