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| Large-scale projects require significantly more effort, budget,
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| and staff than small-scale projects. Large-scale LID retrofits
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| include:
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| * Bioretention
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| * Enhanced grass swales
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| * Bioswales
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| * Perforated pipe systems
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| * Permeable pavement
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| * Soakaways
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| * Infiltration chambers
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| * Rainwater harvesting (excluding rain barrels)
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| * Prefabricated modules
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| * Green roofs
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| Consider a large-scale project if your municipality or
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| department would like to be a leader in sustainability. Large-scale
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| projects are often highly visible and attract more public
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| attention. Large-scale projects may also be the only solution
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| to site-specific challenges. For example, if site infrastructure
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| is at risk as a result of urban flooding, LID practices that detain
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| large volumes of runoff and encourage infiltration are the
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| most viable LID options.
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| Before starting a large-scale retrofit project, consider the
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| following distinctions that set these retrofits apart from small-scale
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| projects.
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| ===Integration with capital works programs===
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| Most large-scale LID retrofits must function with existing
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| site infrastructure, such as storm sewers, catch basins,
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| and pavement systems. The construction of large-scale
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| LID practices often requires these systems to be removed,
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| exposed, or replaced. The best time for this type of project to
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| occur is when an infrastructure replacement or rehabilitation
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| project is already planned.
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| When LID retrofits are worked into other construction
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| projects, such as parking lot repaving, or grading or drainage
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| improvements, there can be substantial cost savings.
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| Whether big or small, every municipality spends relatively
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| large sums of money and substantial time planning for
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| major capital projects. This includes redevelopment of public
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| building and spaces. Many communities who have undertaken
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| retrofits recognize that even if a relatively small portion of the
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| project funds goes towards LID retrofits, they can retrofit large
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| impervious surfaces and avoid new stormwater management
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| infrastructure projects17.
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| Municipal facility rehabilitation is typically forecast well in
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| advance of the project. Parking lot paving is typically worked
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| into municipal budgets based on expected life cycle and
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| observed wear. As such, funds may be set aside prior to
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| the project planning phases. Long-term forecast budgets
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| may also be available for site revitalizations or expansions.
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| These budget forecasts provide opportunities to compare the
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| capital and life-cycle costs and benefits of the conventional
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| construction project and LID retrofit.
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| [[Category:Planning]] | | [[Category:Planning]] |